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Wednesday, 12 December 2012

Ex-terrestrial Light



A Night of Mystery and the Ex-Terrestrial Light: An Unforgettable Experience

 

On a crisp, moonlit night in February 1993, I found myself walking toward a musical gathering in the tranquil countryside of Bangladesh. The air was still, charged with a quiet anticipation, and the path we tread was clear under the full moon’s silvery light. It was around 10 PM, and we made our way through Gupat or Gobat (cattle tracks used for transporting animals to pasture, bullock carts, and boats during the dry season and flood months), from Narainpur to Buraiya. There was no need for torches as the moonlight illuminated the road ahead.

 

Our journey led us past Abu Khali, the

cobbler’s house, and along the canal banks, where unpaved roads stretched between the humble dwellings of farmers. Though rough and untamed, the path was deeply familiar, drawing me back to the roots of my family. This very land once belonged to my ancestors, who laboured upon its fertile soil—first with plough cows and buffaloes and later with the power of a tractor. Yet, our legacy in this village was not merely one of ownership but of enduring kinship and unwavering ties to the community.

 

As we neared the cobbler’s house, I was accompanied by my maternal nephew, Mukit, alongside the late Choto Miah of the esteemed Shahjir family, Amir Uddin of Syedpur—who had married into the distinguished Chowdhury Bari of Narainpur—and the late Salim of Narainpur, who served as Mukit’s bodyguard. It was Mukit who had meticulously arranged this musical gathering in my honour, ensuring that it would be a joyous occasion—one of melody, celebration, and cherished camaraderie. 

 

When we reached Abu Khali, the cobbler, noticing our presence, asked Mukit where we were heading. "Buraiya," came the reply. It was then that I realised that they had kept the destination a surprise. I asked Mukit, "What’s my connection there?" After all, Buraiya was a place well-known to my family, and the people there were familiar with our history.

 

The Shaharpara School Bari—the "schoolhouse"—had once owned a substantial portion of land in Buraiya, the very land upon which we now walked. I was reminded of the land's history, how it had been passed down through generations, from my ancestors who had cultivated it with plough cows and later tractors. Some of the land had been purchased from Nondho Babu of Patkura, the zamindar of the area. My family had also been involved in a difficult period of local unrest in 1978, after the death of my younger uncle, Mohammad Abdur Rouf Kamali. 

 

My elder cousin, Ashraf Hussain Kamali, fired two successive rounds of pellet ammunition, injuring four policemen of Jagannathpur and one bandit from Chunarughat of Habiganj. Wounded and overpowered, they had no choice but to surrender. The cartridges used were designed for bird hunting, meant to injure rather than kill. Alongside my paternal cousin Ashraf, Alta Hussain Kamali was also present at the scene. He was both my maternal cousin through my aunt and my paternal relative, as we shared the same great-grandfather—Shah Hajir Mohammad, the only son of Shah Mohammad Fazil. 

 

As the sound of gunfire echoed through the night, villagers and people from the nearby Shaharpara Bazar rushed to the scene. The injured men were taken hostage by the enraged crowd, who administered basic first aid while deciding their fate.

 

At that time, under the martial law of President Ziaur Rahman, banditry was rampant, often orchestrated in collusion with corrupt policemen. This was the first instance where such criminals were caught red-handed just past midnight. The villagers, long tormented by the police-bandit alliance, were so consumed with fury that some even proposed forcing them to drink their own urine as a lesson in humiliation. When reinforcements arrived, the police attempted to reclaim their wounded men, but the villagers refused to hand them over.

 

The situation grew more complicated when it was revealed that the gun used belonged to my uncle, Abdur Rouf Kamali, though it had been fired by his elder son, Ashraf Hussain Kamali. My uncle passed away on the 2nd of February 1978, and a Shinni (a traditional feast) was planned to commemorate the 40th day of his passing. However, unforeseen events completely overshadowed the occasion. Mohammad Abdur Rouf Kamali (10 August 1913-2 February 1978) was a former chairman of Syedpur Shaharpara Union Parishad during the end of East Pakistan rule.

 

Eventually, with the intervention of mediators and influential bureaucrats, the police managed to retrieve their men. However, as an immediate repercussion, they confiscated the gun from my uncle’s residence. In an attempt to shield Ashraf Hussain Kamali—who was a British citizen and the family’s primary financial supporter—the family strategically shifted responsibility onto Rafique Hussain Kamali (Manik), the second son of the chairman. Although he had not fired the weapon, a case was filed against him instead. The fear was that if Ashraf were prosecuted, the border authorities would revoke his travel rights, and the government might seize his passport pending trial.

 

Enraged by their humiliation, the police harboured a deep-seated grudge against School Bari (the ‘Schoolhouse’) and the people of Shaharpara. A campaign of harassment ensued, forcing villagers into hiding at the homes of relatives. Meanwhile, amid the turmoil, peasant families seized the opportunity to move into Buraiya, claiming land for settlement. My father, my uncle, and my paternal aunt—the mother of Alta Hussain Kamali and Alhaq Hussain Kamaly—had constructed three raised housing foundation areas near their paddy fields in the west to accommodate cattle, buffaloes, and farmworkers. These raised grounds were soon occupied by landless peasants who settled there permanently.

 

Recognising their hardship, my family later decided not to claim the ownership of the land, including the adjacent paddy fields. Today, their descendants continue to live there peacefully. The esteemed School Bari family of Rasulpur Mouza, Greater Shaharpara, and West Tilak Master Bari never sought to reclaim the land, understanding that these peasant families had nowhere else to go. It was an unspoken act of generosity—one that ensured their survival and granted them the dignity of a home.


But as I walked that night, I couldn’t help but reflect on the past, on the pride my family once had in their land, now far removed from the present moment. Mukit, perhaps sensing my thoughts, responded to my question about my identity in Buraiya with a simple reply, "You must be from Nayabandar, working in Chittagong, here for vacation." It was an odd feeling, hiding the true extent of my connection to the land and people around me.

 

Suddenly, as we were in the middle of the paddy fields of Pifrabon, something extraordinary happened. A mysterious light appeared on the unpaved road beside the canal, tracing my every movement. It was the size of a standard tube light, glowing faintly yet distinctly while maintaining its unusual shape—resembling an inverted capital “U” lying on the ground. The rounded part of the “U” was positioned at the top, while the open gap faced downward, mirroring an upside-down letter “U.” The light only illuminated the tube itself, casting no glow beyond its confines. This was no trick of moonlight reflecting off my clothing, nor was it a mere illusion. It was real—an otherworldly light, moving with uncanny precision, as if guided by an unseen force.

 

I wasn’t sure if anyone else could see it, but Mukit’s voice broke the silence: ‘Stop. The light is following us.’ We all paused, and Mukit asked each companion to move accordingly. As everyone did, the light stayed with us. When I resumed walking cautiously, everyone noticed that the light moved with me—perfectly in sync, as if connected by some invisible force. When I jumped, it jumped; when I ran, it ran with me; when I stretched my arms or legs, it mimicked me, keeping me at its core. Whether I moved faster or slower, it did the same, perfectly in sync with every shift. It was as if the light had taken the shape of a U, glowing white on the ground beneath me—an ethereal presence that was both wondrous and unnerving.

 

I tried to touch it, but no matter how close I came, I couldn’t. The light remained just inches beyond my reach, precise in its movements, staying focused on me as though it had a mind of its own. Mukit and the others attempted to approach, but as they did, the light fell upon their bodies, the size of a normal tube light, otherwise remaining on the ground, keeping me at its centre. The light seemed to originate from a celestial body, for when Mukit and his guard neared me, it cast itself upon them. I thought of my grave and felt trapped in a two-dimensional cage of light, but it didn’t feel threatening—only mysterious. 

 

It held me in the centre—

not with hands, not with force,

but with an invisible tether that bound it to my being.

With each step I took, it mirrored me—flawlessly, eerily—

as though it were reading my breath,

echoing my very pulse.

It made no sound, cast no shadow,

yet its presence was undeniable—

a silent sentinel of light,

gliding beside me as if it had known me long before that night.

Seamless. Sentient. Unbound by anything earthly.

It didn’t simply follow me—

it claimed me,

without words,

without permission,

without leaving a trace.


Time seemed to stretch as I stood in the midst of this strange, otherworldly light. The light continued to follow my every move, its shape a rounded arch, like the top of a double door. I was surrounded by it, yet unable to touch it—an experience both captivating and disorienting. Then, as suddenly as it had appeared, the light vanished. We were nearing our destination, the party in Buraiya, and in the blink of an eye, the light was gone. No fading, no trace—it simply ceased to exist. The extraterrestrial light stayed with me for more than ten minutes, and I enjoyed its presence without fear, knowing that I was surrounded by my companions.

 

The rest of the evening passed without incident, but that encounter with the ex-terrestrial light lingered in my mind, unanswered and mysterious. Was it a visitation from another world? A natural phenomenon? Or something far more profound, an experience beyond our understanding? Even now, as the years pass, the memory of that night continues to puzzle and fascinate me.

 

Some mysteries, I have come to realise, are meant to remain unsolved. The ex-terrestrial light that followed me that night serves as a reminder that there are forces in the universe beyond our comprehension—mysteries that exist not only beyond our understanding but also beyond the very limits of our perception. 

 

The villagers often spoke of encounters with such lights near the fields, where they worked long hours before returning home in the moonlight. Some believed these lights were spirits watching over their land, their lineage.

 

But why me? Why on that night?

 

Had my ancestors from School Bari of Shaharpara or Master Bari of West Tilak returned in some unknown form? Had the land itself—once cultivated by my family—responded to my presence, revealing a glimpse of something beyond human sight?

 

Or was it, perhaps, a test?

 

Many folktales speak of travellers encountering supernatural lights that react to their emotions—those who panic may be lost forever, while those who remain calm might receive hidden knowledge or, at the very least, be left unharmed. I had not run. I had not feared it. I had observed it, and it had mirrored me, then disappeared.

 

Even today, when I think of that moment, I feel a strange connection—not just to that mysterious light, but to the countless generations before me who may have witnessed the same phenomenon in silence, accepting it as part of the great unknown.


Eyewitness Parallels: Historical Accounts of Mysterious Moving Lights

 

What I experienced that night was not unique. Throughout history and across cultures, others have witnessed similar phenomena—lights that moved in impossible ways, lights that seemed to possess intelligence.

 

1. The "Companion Light" of Bengal (1905)  

In a remote village in East Bengal (now Bangladesh), a farmer named Hafizuddin Ahmed recounted seeing a glowing arch-like light on a dirt path at midnight as he returned from his fields. The light moved with him, staying precisely in the centre of his movements. His fellow villagers called it "Shondhya Dhor"—the Twilight Companion, a spirit that guided or tested travellers.

 

2. The Moving Light of Rendlesham Forest (1980) 

During the famous Rendlesham Forest UFO incident, U.S. Air Force personnel encountered a floating metallic light that reacted to their movements. One soldier, Jim Penniston, reported that the light mimicked his steps and even pulsed in response to his breathing. His account closely mirrors my experience with the U-shaped light that followed me with absolute precision.


3. Extraterrestrial or Paranormal Connection

Many UFO or extraterrestrial light sightings report structured, metallic-looking glowing objects—sometimes forming U-shaped or arch-like patterns on the ground. This closely mirrors my own experience, as I observed similar U-shaped or arch-like patterns on the ground and found myself precisely in the centre of them. Whenever I moved, the pattern seemed to move with me, continuously keeping me in the middle.

 

4. The Mexican Desert Incident (1954)  

A traveller crossing the desert near Chihuahua, Mexico, saw an arch of light materialise around him. When he walked, it moved; when he ran, it ran. He described it as “a tunnel of light that seemed to carry me with it, as if I had become weightless.” He later discovered strange burn marks on the ground where the light had been.


5. The Djinn’s Arch (Middle Eastern Mythology)

In Islamic and Middle Eastern traditions, Djinn are often believed to be beings made of smokeless fire, capable of influencing the world in ways unseen by humans. The glowing U-shaped or arch-like lights are sometimes seen as physical manifestations of their presence, serving as gateways or portals. These lights might be viewed as temporary bridges between different realms or dimensions, allowing the Djinn to travel or communicate. Such lights are often described as fleeting, appearing just long enough to suggest a powerful and mysterious force at work.

 

6. The Sky Ladder (Native American & Mesoamerican Mythology)

In Native American and Mesoamerican belief systems, celestial bridges made of light are often seen as pathways connecting the spiritual and physical worlds. These glowing archways or ladders are symbolic of access to higher realms or divine beings, often appearing in moments of spiritual significance or preparation for a vision quest. These lights are typically seen before important journeys or contact with ancestors, gods, or celestial beings, marking them as sacred and transformative experiences.

 

Scientific or Supernatural? Possible Theories

 

Could the U-shaped light that followed me be explained by science? Or was it something beyond human comprehension?

 

1. A Natural Electromagnetic Anomaly?  

Some researchers speculate that such lights could be the result of geophysical energy fields reacting to human bioelectric activity. Certain locations, particularly near underground metal deposits or tectonic faults, are known to emit plasma-like energy fields. Could this have been an interaction between my body’s electrical signals and a natural energy formation?

 

2. A Conscious Entity?  

The way the light moved with me, adjusting to my actions, suggests it wasn’t a random energy field. It reacted too precisely, almost as though it possessed intelligence—or was at least programmed to behave in a particular manner. Could it have been a presence, an unknown force observing or testing me?

 

3. An Interdimensional Glitch?  

Some theorists propose that such lights are glimpses into alternate dimensions or parallel realities. What if the U-shaped glow was a temporary overlap between two realms, with me unknowingly trapped at its centre?

 

The Moment It Vanished

 

And then, just as suddenly as it had appeared, it was gone.

 

As we neared our destination—Buraiya village, where the musical gathering awaited us—the U-shaped light disappeared in the blink of an eye. No fading. No gradual dissipation. One second, it was there—moving with me, surrounding me—and the next, it ceased to exist.

 

Had I stepped out of its influence?  

Had it been watching me, waiting for a sign?  

Had I unknowingly passed some kind of cosmic test?

 

To this day, I don’t know.

 

Final Thoughts: A Mystery That Remains Unsolved

 

This U-shaped light that moved with me defied all logic and explanation. It was not merely a passive phenomenon—it engaged with me, responding to my movements in a manner no ordinary occurrence should.

 

I have carried this mystery with me for years. I have searched for answers in folklore, science, and the paranormal, yet the truth remains elusive.

 

Perhaps some things are simply not meant to be explained.

 

Perhaps this experience was a glimpse into something beyond our understanding—something waiting just beyond the veil of reality.

 

And perhaps, one day, the U-shaped light will return.


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Saturday, 10 March 2012

Dilly's Family Legacy

Dilly Meah - Autobiography

Master Bari, also known as Akbar Kutir, is located in West Tilak. It serves as the family home of the descendants of Mohammad Akbar Ali Master, in Jagannathpur, Sunamganj, Bangladesh.
Master Bari aka Akbar Kutir of West Tilak 

I was born in Akbar Kutir, commonly known as Master Bari of West Tilak, also spelt Tilok, in the neighbouring village of Shaharpara, where my noble family traces its origins back to the early fourteenth century. This region is home to the sacred shrines of my ancestors, including Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) (Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anhu), a revered predecessor of twelve Sufi saints from the Sylhet Division. Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) was a successor in the Naqshbandi order, a prestigious spiritual tradition within Sufism—the path leading to God, Allāh (Subḥānahu wa ta'ala). The shrines of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), his beloved wife, and their three sons are all located in Shaharpara. 

 

Hazrat Pir Kallu Shah (RA) was one of the twelve principal disciples of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA), the great Sufi saint of Sylhet. Historical accounts suggest that Hazrat Pir Kallu Shah (RA) was originally from Azimabad (Pataliputra, modern-day Patna, Bihar, India) and returned there in his old age, where his tomb is located.

 

His son, Hazrat Shah Chand (RA), remained in Pirergaon and was later buried in Chandbharang. The Zamindars of Pirergaon and Chandbharang are said to be his descendants, holding an important legacy in the region.

 

The other eleven disciples of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) are believed to have remained in greater Sylhet, where their tombs can be found. This group played a crucial role in spreading Islam and Sufi teachings throughout Sylhet, following in the footsteps of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) and his companions.

 

Our lineage spans thousands of years and is rooted in the Quraysh tribe of Arabs—the descendants of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) (Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam), who is revered as a prophet in Islam and an ancestor of Prophet Muhammad (Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam) through his son, Hazrat Ismail (Ishmael) (Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam). Hazrat Isma'il (A.S.) was born to Hazrat Ibrahim (Alaihis Salatu Wassalam) and his second wife, Hazrat Hagar (RA), also known as Hazrat Hajar (Radi Allahu Anha). He is recognised as the ancestor of the Quraysh clan.


Although not explicitly named in the Qur'an, Hazrat Hagar's story is alluded to through the narrative of her husband, Hazrat Ibrahim (Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam). She eventually settled with her son in the Desert of Paran, now considered part of the Hejaz in Islamic tradition. Hazrat Hagar (Radi Allahu Anha) is honoured as a matriarch of monotheism, as it was through her son, Hazrat Ismail (Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam), that Hazrat Muhammad (Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam), the final prophet of Islam, would be born.


Ibrahim (Alayhi Salatu wa Salam) was the esteemed forefather of many great prophets and is revered by all the major revealed religions. Among his noble descendants are Sulayman, Musa, Dawud, Yahya, Isa, and Muhammad—peace and blessings be upon them all. Each of these illustrious prophets traces their lineage back to Ibrahim (Alaihi Assalatu Wassalam). 


In Islam, Abraham is known as Hazrat Ibrahim (Sallallahu Alaihi Wassalam), a revered prophet and messenger of God. He is recognised as an ancestor of both the Ishmaelite Arabs and the Israelites. Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) holds a prominent position in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam as a paragon of unwavering faith. According to Islamic belief, he faithfully fulfilled all of God’s commandments and trials, through which he was divinely nurtured and guided throughout his life.

 

In the biblical account, Hazrat Hagar (RA) was an Egyptian slave, a handmaid of Sarah (then known as Sarai), whom Sarah gave to Hazrat Ibrahim (Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam) to bear a child. Hazrat Ismail (Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam), the firstborn son of Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S.) and Hazrat Hagar (Radi Allahu Anha), became the progenitor of the Ishmaelites, commonly regarded as the Arabs. Islamic tradition honours Hazrat Hagar (Radi Allahu Anha) as Hazrat Ibrahim’s (A.S.) second wife. Muslims also recognise her significant role in the rites of Hajj, where they retrace her steps by running between the hills of Safa and Marwah, following her search for water.

 

Hazrat Hagar, or Hazrat Hajra (Radi Allahu Anha), is regarded as an especially important matriarch of monotheism. It is through her son, Hazrat Ismail (A.S.), that Hazrat Muhammad (Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam) would be born. Some modern Muslim scholars believe that Hazrat Hagar (RA) was never a handmaid of Sarah but was, in fact, a princess of Egypt who willingly followed Prophet Ibrahim and later married him.


My family’s legacy is deeply entwined with the rich spiritual and historical lineage of the Awliyas (Sufi saints). The Quraysh tribe, to which my ancestors belong, was a powerful merchant tribe that controlled Makkah and the Kaaba. The descendants of the Quraysh tribe spread across the world, with their influence reaching far and wide. My family’s connection to the Muslim era in Sylhet is rooted in the support we provided to the Muslim governance of Shamuddin Firuz Shah, the ruler of the Lakhnauti kingdom, and the spiritual leadership of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA), who played a crucial role in the Muslim conquest of Sylhet.

 

During this period, Sikandar Khan Ghazi lost two consecutive battles to Gaur Govinda. However, in the third battle, along with the commander of the armed forces, Syed Nasiruddin Sipah Salar, Sultan Shamuddin Firuz Shah’s military forces were defeated once again. After three defeats in a row, the military forces of Sultan Firuz Shah began to retreat. However, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) persuaded them to return for a fresh battle. The fourth battle resulted in a decisive victory for the Muslims, led by Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) and his companions. Following this victory, Sultan Shamuddin Firuz Shah requested Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) to accept the position of governor of Sylhet. Without hesitation, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) declined the offer, stating that his primary mission was the propagation of Islam, the greatest religion in the world.

 

Thus, the legacy of my family is intertwined with the rich history of Sufi spirituality and the spread of Islam in the region, continuing to inspire and guide us through the generations.

 

Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA): A Historical Account

 

In the year 1303 AD, Hazrat Shah Jalal (Shaikh-al-Mushaek Shah Jalal ad-Din bin Mahmoud al-Yemeni), the sultan of scholars and spiritual leader, played a pivotal role in the conquest of Sylhet (Gaur Kingdom or Gaur) alongside his 360 disciples and the military might of Sultan Shamsuddin Firuz Shah. Sultan Shamsuddin Firuz Shah ascended the throne of Lakhnauti in 1301 CE at the age of approximately thirty-five. He took the title Al-Sultan Al-Azam Shams Al-Duniya wa Al-Din Abu Al-Muzaffar Firoz Shah Al-Sultan and issued coins bearing the name of the Abbasid Caliph Mustasim Billah.

 

Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA), the patron saint of Sylhet, was also the spiritual ruler of the region until his death, which is estimated to have occurred between 1346 and 1347 CE. The exact birth and death dates of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) remain unclear, but it is believed that he lived to be around one hundred and fifty years old. In 1345 AD, the famous traveller and scholar Ibn Battuta visited Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) and spent three days as his guest in Sylhet. During his visit, Ibn Battuta recounts a conversation where Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) spoke of the Abbasid Caliph al-Musta’sim Billah, who had been imprisoned and starved to death by Hulagu Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan, during the Mongol invasion of Baghdad.

 

Ibn Battuta’s journey to meet Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) took him through Chittagong and Kamrup, and he was deeply impressed by the saint's austere lifestyle and remarkable powers. Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) was known to fast for ten days at a time, surviving solely on milk from his cow, while his disciples consumed the offerings made by devotees. Ibn Battuta wrote that Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA)’s miraculous abilities were well-known throughout the Eastern Islamic world, even reaching as far as China.

 

Ibn Battuta also described Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) as a man of great physical stature, with a tall, thin frame and little hair on his cheeks. He was known for his devout nature, often spending the entire night in prayer. It is said that Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) converted the people of the Kamaru mountains (ranging from China to Tibet) to Islam and stayed among them for this purpose. One of his notable miracles involved his prediction of his own death. Before passing away, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) gathered his disciples and foretold that he would leave them the following day and that Allah (SWT) would be their only true leader after his departure. The next day, after performing the noon prayer, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) passed away during the final prostration. His companions found a prepared grave and enshrouded him with the proper rites before burying him near the cave where he had lived.

 

Historical sources estimate that Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) lived for approximately 117 to 120 years. This estimate is consistent with accounts suggesting that he met Hazrat Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti (RA) in his early years. Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) is also believed to be the maternal grandson of Hazrat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari (RA), who lived between 1190 and 1295. If Hazrat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari (RA) had his first daughter around 1210-1212 and she married at the age of 16-18, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) would likely have been born in the early 1230s.

 

Further historical sources indicate that Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) was the maternal uncle of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) and Hazrat Shah Paran (RA), both of whom were also revered Sufi saints. However, it is important to note that the descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) do not claim Hazrat Shah Poran (RA) and Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) as brothers. If they were indeed maternal nephews of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA), this suggests that Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) had at least two elder sisters.

 

It is also mentioned that Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA)’s mother passed away when he was only three months old, and his father died when he was five years old. These early tragedies marked the beginning of a difficult yet spiritually fulfilling journey for Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA). Based on the information provided, if he was born in the early 1230s and passed away in 1347, his lifespan would be estimated at around 117 years.

 

Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) remains a key figure in the spiritual history of the region, celebrated not only for his role in the spread of Islam but also for his extraordinary devotion, miraculous abilities, and enduring legacy as a patron saint of Sylhet.

 

The hypothetical estimate that Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) was born between the late 1220s and early 1230s is reasonable based on the available historical references.

 

Considering that he was the maternal grandson of Hazrat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari (RA) (1190–1295) and that his mother likely gave birth in her late teens or early twenties, this timeframe aligns well. Additionally, his meeting with Hazrat Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti (RA) in his early years suggests he lived to an advanced age, further supporting an estimated lifespan of 117 to 120 years if he passed away in 1347.

 

The 37th and last Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad was Al-Musta'sim Billah, who ruled from 1242 until he died in 1258 when the Mongols, led by Hulagu Khan, sacked Baghdad.

 

If Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) was in Baghdad during this period, it suggests he may have witnessed or even been affected by the Mongol invasion. Given my estimated timeline of his birth (late 1220s to early 1230s), he would have been in his twenties or early thirties at the time of the city’s fall.


According to historical sources 

 

If Hazrat Syed Shah Mustafa Baghdadi (RA) and his son Hazrat Syed Ismail (RA) followed Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) from Baghdad, it suggests that Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) may have been present in the city around the time of the Mongol invasion in 1258 or possibly earlier.

 

This raises interesting historical possibilities:

            •           Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) may have travelled to Baghdad for spiritual training or scholarly pursuits, as Baghdad was a major centre of Islamic learning under the Abbasid Caliphate.

            •           If he was in Baghdad during or shortly before its fall, he and his companions, including Hazrat Shah Mustafa (RA) and Hazrat Syed Ismail (RA), may have left the city due to the impending Mongol conquest.

            •           Their journey from Baghdad could be part of the larger migration of scholars, saints, and seekers of knowledge who dispersed after the destruction of the Abbasid capital.

 

Hazrat Syed Khwaja Moinuddin Hasan Chishti (RA) lived from 1143 to 1236 CE and was one of the most revered Sufi saints of the Chishti Order. If Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) met him during his preteen years, it suggests that Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) was born sometime in the early 13th century. This encounter would have been profoundly significant, as Hazrat Khwaja Moinuddin Hasan Chishti (RA) was a towering spiritual figure whose teachings shaped the spread of Sufism in the Indian subcontinent. If Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) indeed met him in childhood, it could indicate that he was exposed to deep spiritual wisdom at an early age, potentially influencing his later journey to Bengal and his role in spreading Islam.

 

During the medieval period, early marriage was a common practice for both men and women. Women typically married in their teenage years and often became mothers soon after, while men, though usually slightly older, also entered marriage at a young age. These early unions were shaped by societal norms, economic factors, and life expectancy, as marriage was seen as a means of securing alliances, preserving lineage, and strengthening the labour force in agrarian and feudal societies. Across various civilisations, this practice played a crucial role in defining family structures and shaping social dynamics.

 

According to historical and oral traditions, Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) travelled with his newly wedded wife and stayed with Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) for two years before moving to Shaharpara in 1315. He was accompanied by 12 disciples, who played a crucial role in spreading Islam and Sufi teachings in the region.

 

This timeline suggests that Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) arrived in Sylhet around 1313, stayed with Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) for two years, and then settled in Shaharpara in 1315. His arrival marked the beginning of a significant spiritual and social transformation in the area.

 

If Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) was born in 1291 and passed away in 1385, he lived for approximately 94 years. His birth to a mother who was over 60 years old is quite remarkable and suggests a special spiritual significance attributed to his lineage.

 

Since his mother was the daughter of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA)’s elder sister, this confirms that Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) was his maternal grandnephew rather than a direct nephew. This also reinforces the idea that Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) had at least two elder sisters, as Hazrat Shah Poran (RA) was also recorded as a maternal nephew.

 

Given these dates, when Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) moved to Shaharpara in 1315, he was around 24 years old. This suggests that he was a young man when he began his spiritual journey and missionary activities with his 12 disciples.

 

Shaharpara became a central hub for Dawah (Islamic missionary work), particularly under the guidance of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) and his disciples. When he arrived in 1315, he and his 12 companions played a significant role in spreading Islam, Sufi teachings, and spiritual enlightenment in the region.

 

Shaharpara as a Centre of Dawah:

            1.         Strategic Location:

            •           Shaharpara was a well-positioned settlement in Sylhet, making it an ideal base for Islamic propagation and community development.

            2.         Influence of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA):

            •           As a maternal nephew of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA), Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) carried forward his mission of spreading Islam through wisdom, piety, and service.

            3.         Establishment of a Spiritual and Educational Hub:

            •           Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) and his disciples likely established khanqahs (spiritual centres), madrasas (Islamic schools), and places of worship to teach Islamic principles and Sufi philosophy.

            4.         Integration with Local Communities:

            •           Instead of forceful conversion, the Sufi approach emphasised compassion, knowledge, and righteous living, which attracted many local people to Islam.

            5.         Continuing Legacy:

            •           The influence of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) and his disciples continued through later generations, making Shaharpara a historically significant centre for Islamic education and spiritual growth.

 

Another miraculous event of his: As I was travelling to visit this Shaikh, four of his companions met me two days journey from where he resided. They informed me that the Shaikh had told the faqirs accompanying him, "The traveller from the Maghrib has arrived. Go and receive him." Obedient to his command, they set out to meet me. The Shaikh had no prior knowledge of me; this had been revealed to him. I travelled with them to the Shaikh’s hospice outside the cave. There was no cultivated land in that area. People from both the Muslim and non-Muslim communities visited the hospice, bringing presents and gifts, upon which the faqirs and visitors fed.

 

The Shaikh had only a cow, from whose milk he broke his fast after ten days, as previously mentioned. Upon my arrival, he rose to meet me, embraced me, and inquired about my country and my travels, to which I provided answers. He then said, "You are the traveller from the Arabs." One of his companions who was present added, "And from the non-Arabs, my master." The Shaikh replied, "And from the non-Arabs. Treat him with respect." They took me to the hospice and provided me with hospitality for three days.

 

Marvellous anecdotes, including miracles performed by him, follow. On the day of my arrival, I noticed he was wearing a goat-hair mantle, which I greatly admired. I thought to myself, I wish the Shaikh would give it to me. When I took my leave, the Shaikh rose, went to the side of the cave, removed the farajiya (a religious garment made from fine goat’s hair), and placed it on me, along with a skullcap from his head. He then donned a patched garment.

 

The faqirs informed me that the Shaikh did not usually wear that farajiya but had chosen to wear it on the occasion of my arrival. He had said to them, "The Maghribi will desire this farajiya, and an infidel Sultan will take it from him, giving it to our brother Hazrat Burhan al-Din of Sagharj (RA), to whom it belongs and for whom it was intended." When the faqirs told me this, I said, "I have received the saint’s benediction in that he has clothed me with this garment. I shall not enter the presence of any Sultan, infidel or Muslim while wearing it." 

 

After leaving the Shaikh, it happened that, sometime later, I entered China and reached the city of Khansa. Due to the large crowd, I got separated from my companions. I was wearing the mantle at the time. As I was walking down a street, the Wazir appeared with a large cortege. Upon noticing me, he summoned me, took me by the hand, inquired about my arrival, and did not release me until we reached the Sultan’s palace. I attempted to leave, but he prevented me and presented me to the Sultan.

 

The Sultan asked me about the Muslim Sultans, and as I was answering, he noticed the farajiya and admired it. The Wazir said to me, "Take it off." I could not refuse. The Sultan took the mantle and ordered that I be given ten robes of honour, a fully caparisoned horse, and a sum of money.

 

I was displeased by this, but then I remembered Shaikh’s words about an infidel Sultan taking the farajiya, and I was greatly amazed. The following year, I visited the residence of the King of China in Khan Baliq [Beijing] and sought the hospice of Hazrat Shaikh Burhan al-Din (RA) of Sagharj. I found him reading and wearing an identical farajiya.

 

I was astonished and ran my fingers over it. He noticed and asked, "Why are you touching it? Do you recognise it?" I replied, "Yes, this is the one the Sultan of Khansa took from me." He said, "My brother Hazrat Jalal al-Din (RA) made this for me and wrote to me saying, 'The farajiya will come to you by the hand of so-and-so.'" He then offered me a letter, which I read, and I was amazed at how perfectly accurate the Shaikh’s prediction had been.

 

I shared the first part of the story with Hazrat Burhan al-Din (RA). He said, "My brother Hazrat Jalal al-Din (RA) was greater than all of this. He had power over all that exists, but he has gone to the mercy of God." He continued, "I have been told that he prayed the dawn prayer every day in Mecca and made the pilgrimage every year, except on the two days of ‘Arafa and the Feast, when no one knew where he had gone."

 

When Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) was in the city of Sylhet, he noticed that a particular Mount of the earth—where his shrine now stands—had the same smell, taste, and colour as the soil his own Shaykh had given him before he departed for India. This sign led him to settle there.

 

He assigned the administration of Sylhet’s towns and Parganas [revenue circles] to his 360 companions, keeping his closest associates—such as Hazrat Sheikh Ali of Yemen (RA), Hazrat Haji Yusuf (RA), whose descendants continue to guide the shrine, Hazrat Haji Khalil (RA), and his most advanced disciples—close to his hospice in Choukidhiki. From there, he preached Islam and became a celebrated figure in Bengal.

 

During this time, Islam in Bengal was predominantly an agrarian phenomenon, with most Muslims working as rice cultivators. Not surprisingly, the text presents Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) through the lens of agrarian piety. The reason he chose to settle in Sylhet was not to fight or convert infidels but because the soil there perfectly matched the soil his spiritual teacher, as well as his maternal uncle Hazrat Syed Ahmad Kabir Yasawi (RA), had given him before he left for India.

 

To this day, Muslim cultivators in north-central Bangladesh tell the story of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) and his clump of soil, which they consider the reason their ancestors embraced Islam. The entire region fell under the influence of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA), who apportioned the land among his followers. He and his disciples travelled and settled as far as Mymensingh and Dhaka to spread the teachings of Islam.

 

Hazrat Shah Paran (RA), the maternal nephew of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA), preached in Sylhet. Other prominent disciples included Hazrat Shah Malek Yemeni (RA) in Dhaka, Hazrat Syed Ahmad Kolla Shahid (RA) in Comilla, Hazrat Syed Nasiruddin (RA) in Pargana Taraf, Hazrat Haji Daria (RA), and Hazrat Shaikh Ali Yemeni (RA).

 

An expedition to Chittagong was led by Hazrat Khwaja Burhanuddin Qattan (RA) and Hazrat Shah Badruddin (RA), while an expedition to Sunamganj was led by Hazrat Shah Kamal Qattani (RA), whose shrine is located in Shaharpara, Sunamganj.

 

According to the Farsi Malfuzat—a Persian booklet entitled Fawaid-ul-Fuad—Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) (1197-1347), who was a disciple of Hazrat Shihabuddin (RA), met Hazrat Sheikh Khwaja Gharib Nawaz Syed Moin-al-Din Hasan Chishti (RA) in Baghdad and also encountered Hazrat Sheikh Farid-al-Din Attar (RA) in Nishapur, as described in Tawarikh-e-Firishta.

 

He proclaimed the glorious oneness of Almighty Allah (SWT). In his homeland of Yemen, people were deeply charmed and inspired by the exemplary conduct of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA). However, the emperor of Yemen grew increasingly envious of him.

 

The emperor, consumed by disbelief, plotted to test Hazrat Shah Jalal's (RA) supernatural powers (Kamaliat). He presented Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) with a glass of poison, intending to see if the saint could withstand its effects. However, by the will of Almighty Allah (SWT), the emperor mistakenly drank the poisoned liquid himself and tragically succumbed to its effects.

 

With Allah’s (SWT) blessings, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) drank the glass of poison without harm, reciting the powerful name of "Bismillah" (In the name of Allah (SWT)). Witnessing this miracle, the prince, Shahjada Ali, who was the son of the deceased emperor, was so awestruck that he chose not to assume the throne. Instead, he decided to accompany Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) on his journey.

 

The prince was advised to remain in Yemen and fulfil his royal duties, but Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) then departed Yemen and travelled to Baghdad, where he sought further blessings from Hazrat Bahauddin Suhrawardi (RA). Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) journeyed across various Islamic cultural centres, spending a few days in each place, visiting cities such as Samarkand, Multan, and Afghanistan before finally arriving in Delhi.

 

It was during his time in Delhi that Shahjada Ali of Yemen reunited with Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA), having relinquished his claim to the throne. He also met Hazrat Syed Muhammad Nizamuddin Auliya (RA). One notable incident from this period is as follows: 

 

While Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) stayed in Delhi, one of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya’s (RA) followers reported to him that a saint (Dervish) from the Arab lands had arrived. This Dervish was known to always keep his face covered and showed no interest in seeing women. He was also constantly accompanied by a young boy. Intrigued, Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya (RA) sent one of his followers to bring this Dervish to him.

 

Upon learning of this, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) sent a small pot containing burning coal wrapped in white cotton to Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya (RA). When Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya (RA) opened the pot, to his amazement, not a single fibre of the cotton had been burned! Astonished by this miraculous act, Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya (RA) himself went to meet Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA), pondering over the profound karamat (miracle) that defied the natural laws of creation.

 

In recognition of this remarkable event, Hazrat Khwaja Nizamuddin Auliya (RA) gifted Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) two pairs of black pigeons as a token of love and respect. The species of these pigeons, now known as "Jalali pigeons," are still found in the Sylhet and Cachar districts. In Sylhet, these pigeons, with their distinctive black colour, are commonly referred to as "Jalali Kabutor."

 

Hazrat Syed Shah Mustafa al-Baghdadi (RA), also known as Hazrat Shah Mustafa (RA), is another important figure linked to the spread of Islam in Moulvibazar. A descendant of the renowned Islamic scholar Hazrat Abdul Qadir Gilani (RA), Hazrat Shah Mustafa (RA) and his son, Hazrat Syed Ismail (RA), met Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) during his journey from Hadhramaut in Yemen. Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) passed through Baghdad, which was under the rule of the Ilkhanate, part of the Mongol Empire led by Hulagu Khan. After the murder of the last Abbasid caliph, Al-Musta’sim Billah, in 1258, Hazrat Shah Mustafa (RA) and Hazrat Syed Ismail (RA) decided to accompany Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) on his mission.

 

In 1303, Hazrat Shah Mustafa (RA) and Hazrat Syed Ismail (RA) played a crucial role in the third battle of the Conquest of Sylhet under the leadership of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA).

 

Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) was born in Konya (modern-day Turkey), then part of the Sultanate of Rum. He was the son of Shaykh Mahmud ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim, a descendant of the Quraysh tribe in Makkah. His mother, Saiyida Haseenah Fatimah, was the daughter of Hazrat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari (RA). Hazrat Bukhari belonged to the Sayyid lineage of the Naqvi denomination, tracing his descent from the Islamic Prophet Muhammad (SAW) through his grandson, Hazrat Husayn ibn Ali (RA).

 

Between 1204 and 1338, when Bengal was under the rule of governors from the Delhi Sultanate, the Muslim power base was centred in Lakhnauti, located in the northwestern part of the delta. Meanwhile, eastern Bengal remained a political and social frontier zone. It was in this dynamic frontier environment that Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) (d. 1347) emerged, precisely one century after the initial Turkish conquest of northwestern Bengal.

 

As one of many early Muslim pioneers in Bengal, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) is today widely revered as a saint. His journey is often symbolically interpreted as a metaphor for the Islamisation of Bengal. Born in Turkistan during the turbulent 13th century, when the Mongol invasions wreaked havoc across the region, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) is said to have been a spiritual disciple of the renowned Central Asian saint, Hazrat Saiyid Ahmad Yasavi (RA).

 

Fleeing from the Mongol invasions, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) initially sought refuge in Baghdad, later travelling to Multan and Uch. In Uch, it is believed that he was formally initiated into the Suhrawardiyya order, a connection supported by local legends. His maternal uncle, Hazrat Syed Ahmad Kabir Suhrawardi (RA), guided him in the Suhrawardi school of mystical knowledge, which he inherited through a distinguished chain of spiritual authority: from Hazrat Shaykh Shihab al-Din Suhrawardi (RA) to Hazrat Shaykh Makhdum Baha al-Din (RA), to Hazrat Abu'l-Fazl Sadr al-Din (RA), to Hazrat Shaykh Abu'l-Fatah Rukn al-Din (RA), to Hazrat Jalal al-Din Bukhari (RA), to Hazrat Saiyid Ahmad Kabir Suhrawardi (RA), and finally to Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA).

 

According to the Gulzar-i-Ibrar, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) requested his spiritual master in Makkah for permission to embark on the lesser jihad—a military struggle against infidelity in a land outside the Islamic world (dar al-harb)- just as he had been instructed in the higher spiritual jihad. In response, his master sent Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) to India with a group of 700 warrior-disciples (ghazis) on a mission of militant evangelism. After arriving in India, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) and his 313 companions travelled to the city of Sylhet, located at the easternmost edge of Bengal.

 

Local traditions suggest that Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) and his companions played a key role in assisting Muslim commanders during the military conquest of Sylhet and the defeat of its Hindu Raja. This event, confirmed by inscriptional evidence, occurred between 1303 and 1304. Sylhet was conquered by a small group of Muslims during the reign of Bengal's Sultan Shamsuddin Firuz Shah in 1303. Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) entrusted the administration of the region, known as Srihatta, to Sikandar Gazi.

 

After the victory, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) made a declaration, stating that Hazrat Sikandar Khan Ghazi (RA) would serve as the prime minister under Sultan Shamsuddin Firuz Shah. The kingdom of Srihatta was subsequently renamed Jalalabad (the settlement of Shah Jalal) under the Lakhnauti Sultanate.

 

Hazrat Sikandar Khan Ghazi (RA) ruled for several years under Sultan Shamsuddin Firuz Shah until his tragic death by drowning while crossing the Surma River in a boat. After his death, he was succeeded by Hazrat Haydar Ghazi (RA), who was appointed by Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA). The area where Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) was buried, in the place now known as his shrine, was believed to have soil with the same colour and scent as that which Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) had recognised during his lifetime. Hazrat Haydar Ghazi (RA) is remembered as the first Muslim ruler of Greater Sylhet.

 

Hazrat Sikandar Khan Ghazi (RA) played a significant role in the administration of Sylhet, and even though little is known about his personal life, local traditions speak of his death in the Surma River. People, especially fishermen, continue to believe that Shah Sikander still lives beneath the water, where he continues to bless them by distributing fish. Some claim to be his descendants, and a mosque built by him in the village of Gorekafan in Badarpur still stands today. Others suggest that his tomb is located in Saptagram. Regardless, it is clear that Hazrat Sikandar Khan Ghazi (RA) was a devoted follower of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA), and his close relationship with the saint played a significant role in supporting Hazrat Shah Jalal’s (RA) mission and the spread of Islam in the region.

 

Sylhet, once part of Assam between 1874 and 1947, is now located in Bangladesh. In 1301, Hazrat Shaykh Burhanuddin (RA) settled in the area and made a solemn vow to Allah (SWT): if blessed with a son, he would offer a cow in sacrifice. When his son was born, he fulfilled his pledge by performing the aqiqah, a sacred tradition of gratitude and devotion. However, this act unknowingly offended the Hindu kingdom, as the cow is considered sacred and revered as a mother in Hinduism. Raja Gor Govind, the ruler of the area, was deeply displeased and summoned Burhanud-Din’s family to answer for the sacrilege.

 

In an act of brutal retaliation, Raja Gour Govinda had Burhanud-Din's son, Gulzar Alam, killed in front of his parents. The baby’s head was severed, and, under the Raja's orders, Burhanud-Din’s right arm was also chopped off. Despite the horrific punishment, Hazrat Syed Burhanud-Din (RA) survived and fled across the border to the Sultanate of Lakhnauti in lower Bengal, where he sought justice from Sultan Shamsuddin Firuz Shah. The Sultan, moved by Burhanud-Din’s plight, dispatched a contingent of his army to Sylhet under the command of his maternal relative, Sikander Khan Ghazi. Hazrat Syed Burhanuddin (RA) then guided them on the journey to Sylhet.

 

At the same time, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) of Yemen was journeying toward Sylhet under the guidance of his spiritual mentor in Mecca. While in Delhi, Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya (RA) invited Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) to stay with him. Before leaving, Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya (RA) presented Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) with two pairs of rare dark-coloured pigeons. These pigeons, known as Jalali pigeons (Jalali Kobutor), are still found in Sylhet and the surrounding regions of Cachar.

 

Upon reaching Sylhet, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) met the returning army of Sikander Khan Ghazi, who had been defeated multiple times by Raja Gor Govind. Some historians suggest the defeats numbered as many as three, despite the formidable forces commanded by Nasiruddin Sipah Salar, the general of Sultan Shamsuddin Firoz Shah. By this time, the number of followers of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) had grown from 313 to 360. This number mirrors the 313 companions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) who fought in the Battle of Badr in 624 CE, a pivotal event in the early spread of Islam.

 

Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) encouraged Sikandar Khan Ghazi to make another attempt to conquer Sylhet. "I have come to destroy the villain and establish Islam," he proclaimed, offering his support for the battle. The forces of Sikander Khan, supported by Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) and his companions, fought again and ultimately defeated Raja Gor Govind. Sylhet fell to the Muslims, and Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) and his followers settled there. The first act of the Mujahid was to raise the green flag of Islam, featuring the crescent and star, atop the Hindu Commander-in-Chief's castle on the hill.

 

Today, many respectable Muslims in Sylhet trace their lineage back to Hazrat Shah Jalal's (RA) 360 companions, who settled across the districts of Assam and Bengal. The shrine of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) in Sylhet has become a holy site, attracting pilgrims daily from all walks of life, both Muslim and non-Muslim, who come to seek blessings and reflect on his legacy.


Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) and his several hundred warrior companions (ghazis) confronted and decisively defeated an army of one hundred thousand soldiers, commanded by the local Raja, Gur Govind. After this remarkable victory, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) distributed the Raja’s land to his followers, entrusting them with its governance. Through his efforts, many of the mountaineers in the region embraced Islam, marking a significant turning point in the region’s history.

 

The renowned Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta, who visited the area, described Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) as a man of venerable age, highly revered for his miraculous powers. He was regarded as one of the greatest saints, a man of exceptional character whose life was marked by extraordinary feats and miracles. His contributions to the spread of Islam and his spiritual influence left a lasting legacy.

 

Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) was known for his deep devotion to his faith. For approximately forty years, he observed a rigorous fast, refraining from breaking it for ten consecutive days at a time. His piety, wisdom, and unwavering commitment to the spiritual path made him a beacon of inspiration for those around him and left an indelible impact on the history of Islam in the region.

 

Hazrat Shah Jalal’s (RA) father was a contemporary of the great Sufi poet and scholar Hazrat Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi (RA). This suggests that he lived during the 13th century, a period marked by significant spiritual and intellectual movements across the Muslim world.

 

While Hazrat Maulana Rumi (RA) is renowned for his profound mystical poetry and teachings in Konya (modern-day Turkey), Hazrat Shah Jalal’s (RA) family hailed from Yemen, where his father was known for his piety and scholarship. Their contemporaneity reflects the widespread influence of Sufism during that era, shaping the spiritual and cultural landscapes from the Middle East to South Asia.

 

It was in this rich spiritual climate that Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) was born and nurtured, eventually embarking on his legendary journey to spread Islam in Bengal, where he became one of the most venerated Sufi saints in the region.

 

Following the death of Wazir Sikandar Khan Ghazi, Sylhet was left without a leader. Recognising the need for stable governance, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) personally appointed Hazrat Haydar Ghazi (RA) as the second Wazir of Sylhet.

 

This decision ensured the continuation of Muslim rule in Sylhet and strengthened the foundations of Islamic governance in the region. Under Hazrat Haydar Ghazi’s (RA) leadership, Sylhet remained a centre of spiritual, administrative, and cultural growth, deeply influenced by Hazrat Shah Jalal’s (RA) teachings and legacy.

 

Hazrat Haydar Ghazi (RA), full name Hazrat Nūr al-Hudā Abū'l-Karāmāt as-Saʿīdī al-Ḥusaynī (RA), was a descendant of Hazrat Shah Jalal’s (RA) noble lineage and a devoted follower of the saint. As a trusted disciple, he played a crucial role in consolidating Muslim rule in Sylhet after the death of Wazir Sikandar Khan Ghazi.

 

His appointment as the second Wazir of Sylhet by Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) ensured the continuation of just governance in the region. Under his rule, Islamic principles, justice, and administration flourished, further strengthening the spiritual and political foundation laid by Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) and his companions.


Sylhet, historically known as Silhat or Sil (stone) hat (marketplace), was once an independent kingdom known as the Srihatta Rajya in the 12th century. This region, which included Sylhet, was part of the ancient Khanda Kamarupa (meaning "portion of Kamarupa"), which was divided into three parts. These parts were named after the three sons of Raja Guhak, who ruled in the 7th century: Ladduka, Gudaaka, and Jayantaka. The territories they governed became known as Laur (Laur Kingdom), Gauda (Gaur Kingdom), and Jaintia (Jayantia Kingdom), respectively. Collectively, these three regions made up the area now known as Sylhet.

The partition of Khanda Kamarupa occurred in 630 AD by Raja Guhak, who divided the land among his three sons into the Jaintia Kingdom, Gour Kingdom, and Laur Kingdom. According to Hindu mythology, the hero Arjuna travelled to the Jaintia Kingdom to reclaim his horse, which was held captive by a princess. This story is mentioned in the Mahabharata, a Hindu epic. Additionally, Sylhet is considered home to two of the fifty-one body parts of the goddess Sati, according to legend. These body parts are believed to have fallen to Earth, and the locations where her neck and left palm fell are revered as Shakti Peethas in Sylhet: Shri Shail and Jayanti.

 

There are several theories about the origin of the name "Jaintia." One theory suggests that it comes from the shrine of Jayanti Devi (or Jainteswari), an incarnation of the Hindu goddess Durga. Another theory posits that the name derives from the Pnar language (spoken by the rulers of the region), with "Jaintia" being derived from Sutnga, a settlement in the modern-day Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya. The Pnar people, also called the Jaintia by outsiders, speak Mon-Khmer languages related to Khasi.

 

The Jaintia Kingdom extended from the eastern Shillong Plateau in present-day Meghalaya, India, into the plains to the south and north of the Barak River valley in Assam, India. The capital of the kingdom, Jaintiapur, now in ruins, was located at the foot of the Jaintia Hills. There is evidence that the Jaintia kings also had a summer capital at Nartiang in the hills, where a Durga temple and megalithic structures can still be found. The Sylhet region of Bangladesh and India was, at one time, under the rule of the Jaintia kings.

 

When Guhak ascended the Jaintia throne in 600 AD and married a princess from Kamarupa, he had three sons—Jayantak, Gurak, and Ladduk—and two daughters, Sheela and Chatala. It is said that Sheela, the eldest daughter, was kidnapped while bathing in a lake south of the Kangsa-Nisudhana hill (now the site of the Civil Surgeon's Bungalow during British rule). After being rescued by Guhak, Sheela became more religious and lived a secluded life. Meanwhile, Chatala was disowned for engaging in an illicit relationship with one of the palace servants and was exiled to a distant island in the middle of a 2,000-square-mile lake south of the kingdom.

 

After Sheela's early death, Guhak gave up his throne to lead an ascetic life. The port area around the lake, which was the largest centre for trade in the Jaintia Kingdom, was named Sheela haat (Sheela’s marketplace) in her honour. According to sources such as the Hattanath Tales, the area Sheelachatal was named after both of Guhak’s daughters. This is one of the theories about how Sylhet got its name. The famous Chinese traveller Xuanzang, who visited the region in the 630s, mentioned Sheelachatal in his book The Great Tang Records on the Western Regions.

 

As for the Gour Kingdom, there are multiple theories about the origin of the name. Some believe it was named after Gurak, the son of Raja Guhak, while others think it was named after the great Hindu Gauda Kingdom that once ruled Bengal from 590 AD to 626 AD. In 1170, the kingdom was partitioned into two regions, and the northern part was renamed Gour (also spelt Gauda in Sanskrit) to honour the ancient Gauda Kingdom.

 

Before the establishment of the Laur Kingdom, the region was part of the greater Kamarupa Kingdom, which existed from 350 CE to 1140 CE. The kingdom of Kamarupa absorbed Davaka in the 5th century CE. At its peak, Kamarupa was a vast empire ruled by three dynasties from capitals in present-day Guwahati, North Guwahati, and Tezpur. The kingdom covered the entire Brahmaputra Valley, parts of North Bengal, Bhutan, northern Bangladesh, and at times, even portions of West Bengal and Bihar.

 

In 640 CE, the Raja of Tripura, Dharma Fa, planned a grand ceremony and invited five Brahmans from Etawah, Mithila, and Kannauj. One of these Brahmans, Keshab Misra from Kannauj, migrated to Laur, where he established a Hindu kingdom. By the late 13th century, Laur faced several attacks from the neighbouring Gour Kingdom, ruled by the Hindu king Gour Govinda.

 

In the early 16th century, the kingdom of Laur was ruled by Ramnath, a descendant of Keshab Misra, who had three sons. One son remained in central Laur, while the second son, Durbar Singh, converted to Islam and became Durbar Khan. Durbar Khan moved to Jagannathpur, where he built his own palace and later seized the land of his youngest brother, Gobind Singh, in Baniachong. After Durbar Khan’s death, Gobind Singh took control of his land. However, Durbar Khan’s sons informed the Nawab of Bengal about this dispute, and Gobind Singh was summoned to Delhi. There, he converted to Islam and changed his name to Habib Khan. 

 

As a reward for his conversion, Gobind Singh (Habib Khan) regained control of Laur in 1566, but as a feudal ruler under the Mughal Empire. Laur lost its independence and became part of the Sylhet Sarkar in the Bengal Subah. Habib Khan’s grandson, Majlis Alam Khan, became the father of Anwar Khan.

 

In the early 18th century, Abid Reza, a later zamindar of Laur, left the area and established Baniachong, which eventually grew into one of the largest villages in the world. This migration followed the destruction of Laur by the Khasi in 1744. The Nawab of Bengal, Alivardi Khan, is said to have granted 48 large boats to the zamindars of Baniachong. Reza later built a fort in Laur, which now lies in ruins. His son, Umed Reza, contributed to the development of Baniachong during his zamindari. Both Abid and Umed Reza were feudal lords under the Amils (or Faujdars) of Sylhet.


The first Nawab of Bengal was Murshid Quli Khan, who was appointed as the Nawab Nazim of Bengal in 1717 by the Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar. He effectively established Bengal’s semi-independent rule under the weakening Mughal Empire and shifted the capital from Dhaka to Murshidabad.

 

In the late medieval period, the region was ruled by a chieftain named Gour Gobinda under the Gaur Kingdom, and it was predominantly inhabited by tribal peoples of Mongoloid origin. Gobinda himself was from the Tepra tribe of Tripura, a state in Southeast Asia.

 

In 1947, following a referendum, Sylhet became part of East Pakistan, which later became Bangladesh in 1971 after the Bangladesh Liberation War. Additionally, three districts—Cachar, Karimganj, and Hailakandi—became part of the Indian state of Assam.

 

The illustrious history of the noble Shaharpara family, known by various clan names, traces its origins to Hazrat Shah Kamal Qattani (RA). He arrived by boat from Sheikh Ghat on the shores of the Surma River, accompanied by his Arab wife and possibly his elder son, Shah Jalaluddin II—also known as Shah Jalaluddin Qureshi—who was born in the Dargah Mahalla of Sylhet. Alongside them were twelve revered Sufi saints whose spiritual legacy continues to inspire generations.

 

The surname Qattani has been reinterpreted by historians and is believed to be linked to the Adnanites. Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) was a direct descendant of Hazrat Abu Bakr (Radi Allahu Anhu), making his lineage closely connected to the family of Prophet Muhammad (Sallallahu Alaihi Wassallam), both of whom belonged to the Quraysh tribe. The Adnanites, a powerful tribal confederation of Ishmaelite Arabs, trace their ancestry back to Hazrat Ismail (A.S), the eldest son of the Islamic prophet Hazrat Ibrahim (Alaihi Sallatu Wassalam) and his wife Hagar (Hazrat Hajra, Radi Allahu Anha), through Adnan, who hailed from the Hejaz. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) himself was a member of this noble lineage.

 

The details of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA)’s journey remain largely unknown. However, oral traditions recount that his travels took him from Mecca to Persia, then to Bihar in India, and finally to Sylhet. Some accounts also suggest an alternative route, indicating that he journeyed via the Persian Gulf, crossed the Arabian Sea, navigated the Indian Ocean, and ultimately arrived in the Bay of Bengal before reaching his final destination in Sylhet.

 

A continuous waterway route connects the Gulf Sea (likely referring to the Persian Gulf), the 

Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Bay of Bengal. The general route is as follows:

1. Persian Gulf – Connected to the Arabian Sea via the Strait of Hormuz.

2. Arabian Sea – A vast body of water bordering the Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, and India.

3. Indian Ocean – The Arabian Sea is part of the Indian Ocean, which extends eastward.

4. Bay of Bengal – The northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, bordered by India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar.

 

This route is historically significant for trade, military, and energy transport, with major ports along the way, including Dubai, Mumbai, Colombo, Chittagong, and Kolkata.

 

A decade after the conquest of Sylhet, Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) set out on a journey to meet Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) and reunite with his father, Hazrat Khwaja Burhanuddin Ketan (RA), a revered commander, close companion, and brother-in-law of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA). In 1313, they arrived in Sylhet and spent time in Dargah Mahalla, where Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) became a murid (spiritual disciple) of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA), immersing himself in the teachings of Sufism and spiritual purification under his esteemed guidance.


In June 1315, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) instructed Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) and his twelve dervishes to travel to the northwestern Taraf region to propagate the religion. The revered group of Sufi saints, accompanied by Hazrat Shah Kamal’s (RA) wife, embarked on their journey from Sheikh Ghat along the Surma River in three small boats known as pangshi (or panshi). They settled in an area that was originally a cluster of islands in a body of water called Ratnang, which later became known as Shaharpara, meaning "the neighbourhood of the Shahs," situated on the banks of the Ratna River.

 

In accordance with the divine guidance of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA), their journey culminated on the western shores of Tilak, a region distinguished by the ancient royal tilak (symbol). This sacred land, nestled along the banks of the Ratna Nodi, within the archipelago of Jagannathpur Upazila, Sunamganj District, Sylhet, Bangladesh, became the settlement later known as Shaharpara.

 

Historians have put forth various theories regarding the origins of the village’s name. However, the most widely accepted explanation is that Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) left his revered footprints upon this land, which ultimately gave rise to the name Shaharpara.

 

The term Shaharpara is derived from Shah (monarch) and para (neighbourhood), signifying "the king’s neighbourhood" or "the Shah’s residence." Additionally, some historians suggest that parr refers to the riverbank, while others have recorded the village’s name as "Shafahar" or "Shahafar."

 

Shaharpara, which spanned approximately three acres of elevated land, stood out for its distinctive soil colour, different from the surrounding earth. This unique characteristic is believed to have been a divine sign given by Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA), his maternal uncle, marking the final destination of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA).

 

It is said that just as Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) received a handful of earth from his maternal uncle, Hazrat Syed Ahmed Kabir (RA), Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) was similarly given the soil by his revered maternal uncle, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA).

 

The soil of this land bore a unique hue, distinct from the surrounding earth—a colour that mirrored the very shade bestowed by the Sultan of Scholars, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA), the esteemed maternal uncle of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA).

 

This marked the sacred conclusion of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah’s (RA) journey, during which he founded a mosque, a madrasah, an Eidgah, and Saathduaree (seven doors) for meditation, alongside a Khanqah.

 

The Khanqah evolved into a sanctified refuge, a place where people from all walks of life and diverse faiths were embraced. It served as a Sufi hospice, a spiritual sanctuary dedicated to the practice of dhikr, meditation, and the celebration of the divine, where the eternal light of the Almighty illuminated the hearts of all who sought solace.

 

Thus, Shaharpara, the "Royal Neighbourhood," became a centre of spiritual enlightenment and communal harmony, with Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) leaving an enduring legacy through his teachings and institutions.

 

I composed a song that traces the sacred journey of my ancestors, whose rich history has been passed down through the generations, spanning the heart of the Greater Sylhet region of Bangladesh.

 

Verse 1:

Through the mist of time, a boat set sail,  

From Mecca's shores, the winds did prevail.  

Hazrat Shah Kamal, with his family so dear,  

Twelve saints by his side, in his heart no fear.  

From Persia to Bihar, their journey was long,  

A mission of faith, their spirits were strong.

 

Chorus:

Shaharpara, the royal land,  

Where the king’s footsteps meet the sand.  

A tale of faith, a legacy passed,  

Through the rivers of time, forever to last.  

Shaharpara, where the saints reside,  

Where the soul finds peace, and the hearts collide.

 

Verse 2:

To Sylhet they came, in 1312 they arrived,  

To meet Hazrat Shah Jalal, where their spirits thrived. 

In Dargah Mahalla, their hearts would align,  

Under the guidance of the saint divine.  

But the call of the north was a mission anew,  

A task to spread faith, in lands they never knew.

 

Chorus:

Shaharpara, the royal land,  

Where the king’s footsteps meet the sand.  

A tale of faith, a legacy passed,  

Through the rivers of time, forever to last.  

Shaharpara, where the saints reside,  

Where the soul finds peace, and the hearts collide.

 

Verse 3:

In June of 1315, the command was clear,  

"Go forth, my children, spread faith far and near." 

On the banks of Ratna, the journey began,  

Thirteen men, with a divine plan.  

Through the waters, they sailed, in pangshi so small, 

To a place where the river would answer the call.

 

Chorus:

Shaharpara, the royal land,  

Where the king’s footsteps meet the sand.  

A tale of faith, a legacy passed,  

Through the rivers of time, forever to last.  

Shaharpara, where the saints reside,  

Where the soul finds peace, and the hearts collide.

 

Bridge:

Shaharpara—where Shah Kamal's feet touched the ground,  

Where love, faith, and peace could be found.  

A mosque, a madrasah, a Khanqah divine,  

In the land of Ratna, where souls intertwine.  

From seven doors to the sacred hall,  

Shaharpara stands, as a beacon to all.

 

Outro:

Shaharpara, the land of grace,  

Where the king’s legacy still finds its place.  

In the soil of this land, the roots grow deep,  

Where saints and kings in unity sleep.  

Shaharpara, forever to be,  

A royal neighbourhood by the divine decree.

 

The rich history and significance of Sylhet, as well as its surrounding areas, are fascinating. From the ancient, submerged sea of Ratnag to its role as a crucial centre for trade, it seems that Sylhet has long held a unique position in the region's cultural and historical landscape. This backstory could provide a beautiful and deep context for your song. Here's how the geographical and historical elements you mentioned could be woven into the narrative of your song, particularly focusing on the ancient underwater sea and the role of Sylhet as a hub of commerce and cultural exchange.

 

Historical sources indicate that in ancient times, the Sylhet district was submerged under water and was part of a vast sea known as Ratnag, which is an abbreviation of Ratnakar (the common term for sea in Bengali). The Ratnakar extended from the cliffs of Meghalaya in the west to the coast of Tripura in the east, both of which were inhabited by the Kirata people of Mongoloid descent. 

 

The people of Meghalaya and Tripura travelled to each other’s territories using 

seagoing vessels. By the end of the twelfth century CE, the seabed began to rise due to alluvial silt over the centuries. The northeastern part of the district was the first to emerge as atolls, and eventually, the majority of the district rose from beneath the sea.

 

The seas surrounding this area formed a natural frontier for the country. From ancient times, the inhabitants of India have relied on the sea for transport, communication, trade, and food. As a result of these activities, many characteristics of the sea were well-known to our ancestors. 

 

In the Vedic and Puranic periods (as recorded in ancient scriptures such as the Matsya and Vishnu Puranas, as well as Kautilya’s Arthashastra), many references to the sea and its features are found. Additionally, the pillars of Ashoka contain descriptions of the sea. The Jataka-mala (1st century AD) mentions maritime codes, further emphasizing the importance of the sea in ancient times. The famous Puranic story of sagar-manthan(the churning of the ocean) is a remarkable metaphor for modern technology used to obtain polymetallic nodules and other minerals from deep ocean floors, churning the sea and agitating the seabed to retrieve valuable resources.

 

The ancient texts also referred to the sea as Ratnakar — a place where gems and jewels could be found. Sylhet was renowned for its stones, ivory, and elephants, which were regularly supplied to Delhi. The city’s ancient name was Silhatta, and it was well-known throughout the subcontinent in ancient times. References to Sylhet can be found in the sacred Tantric text Shakti Sangama Tantra, where it is called Silhatta.

 

Sylhet is also believed to have served as the capital city of three ancient kingdoms: Harikela, Srihatta, and Gaur. Additionally, it was a prominent port city, serving the mighty Kamarupa Kingdom. The markets of Sylhet attracted traders from all around the world, especially from the Arabian Peninsula. Persian traders frequented the city, as the goods in the markets were abundant and reasonably priced, leading to low commodity prices.

 

Verse 1

Long ago, beneath the waves, the earth did lie,  

Ratnag, the sea, stretched far to the sky.  

From the cliffs of Meghalaya to Tripura's shore,  

Kirata people sailed, and their spirits soared.  

The seabed rose, the land was born,  

Sylhet emerged, the ancient morn.  

 

Chorus

From the sea’s embrace, the land did rise,  

Shaharpara, where the past lies.  

The shores of Ratnakar, where gems are found,  

In Sylhet, the sacred ground.  

A royal kingdom, through the tide,  

Where history and faith coincide.

 

Verse 2

The sea was our frontier, a world so wide,  

Traders and travellers, the sea is our guide.  

From Arabia to Persia, the markets would gleam,  

A city of gems, and ivory’s dream.  

Silhatta, they called it, a port of renown,  

Where wealth from the sea would flow into town.  

 

Chorus

From the sea’s embrace, the land did rise,  

Shaharpara, where the past lies.  

The shores of Ratnakar, where gems are found,  

In Sylhet, the sacred ground.  

A royal kingdom, through the tide,  

Where history and faith coincide.

 

Verse 3

Through the waves and the winds, the traders would sail, 

To a city where the markets would never fail.  

Sylhet, a jewel, where the East met the West,  

Where cultures converged and hearts found rest.  

The ancient Puranas spoke of the churning sea,  

A metaphor for the treasures yet to be.

 

Chorus

From the sea’s embrace, the land did rise,  

Shaharpara, where the past lies.  

The shores of Ratnakar, where gems are found,  

In Sylhet, the sacred ground.  

A royal kingdom, through the tide,  

Where history and faith coincide.

 

Bridge

Through the churning sea, the wealth did pour,  

From Sylhet’s shores to the distant door.  

Gems and ivory, goods from the deep,  

In the markets, where promises are kept.  

Ratnakar’s legacy, a story untold,  

Of an ancient sea, and treasures of gold.

 

Outro

Shaharpara, a land so divine,  

Where the tides of time eternally shine.  

From the sea’s depths to the land so wide,  

Sylhet, forever, shall be our guide.

 

Shah Kamal High School, located in Shaharpara, is a historic institution named after Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafa (RA). Within the school’s compound stands the National Martyr Memorial, situated in the Kunabon (corner paddy field) of Shaharpara. Nearby, a road with a rich history branches off from the main Shaharpara road. Originally known as Raj-ieyl, the road later came to be called Shah Kamal Road or Mukam Road. It connects the Syedpur-Shaharpara Union office and, to the north, joins Bhuyair Bari Khal (a canal), which has since been transformed into a road. This road continues further north through the Pireregaon Road, ultimately linking to Mega Khai on Bober Bazar Road.


Mukam-Bari, or Maqam, refers to the residence of a Sufi saint. Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafa (RA) lived there with his Arab wife and spent the rest of his life preaching Islam and giving Dawah (inviting others to the faith) to the people of the region. It was in this very place that he built a mosque, a Khanqah, a madrasah, a Satduwari (seven doors), and an Eidgah. These spaces served as places for Islamic devotion, where people performed dhikr (the remembrance of Allah (SWT)), meditated and recited the sacred Quranic texts, all while celebrating the divine.


After his passing, Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafa (RA) was buried in the Dargah (shrine), alongside his Arab wife. Behind him lies the grave of his beloved younger son, Shah Muazzamuddin Qureshi. To the northwest of the Dargah, the shrine of his elder son, Shah Jalaluddin Qureshi, stands, and east of the Eidgah, his resting place remains a revered site. Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafa (RA) passed away in the late fourteenth century.


Many people hold the opinion that, before his death, Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) gifted some land to the Khadim family in recognition of their devoted service. There is also a belief that Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) has descendants through his youngest son. It is said that in his old age, Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) entered into a second marriage with a local Hindu woman who converted to Islam and served as his caretaker. The Khadim family, from Khadmorbari in Shaharpara, was known for their deep bond of love and devotion to Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA).


A sacred prayer stone said to bear the hands and footprints of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) is still preserved in the area, though it is now cemented to protect it from natural damage. Near this prayer stone, there is another stone known as the Mother Stone or Black Milk Stone. This stone is believed to have the miraculous ability to give birth to other stones and even "feed" them with milk. Locals would bring milk from their cows when they first started milking and pour it over the stone. The stones in the area, unlike normal stones, differ in colour and shape. There are seven stones in total, each varying in size from one to seven. When a stone grows larger than the seventh, it is said to levitate and hover in the air at night, giving birth to a new stone.

 

In the 1980s, the Mother Stone mysteriously disappeared from its original place but was later discovered in the Mukam Mosque Pond. When the pond was drained for maintenance, the stone was found and returned to its proper location, where it was cemented to preserve it. A jali wall (a decorative lattice wall) was erected around the Mother Stone for protection. The following day, a hole was found in the eastern wall of the enclosure, roughly the size of the Mother Stone. After this incident, the stone ceased to produce new stones and has remained a single stone ever since. According to local lore, the Mother Stone had been pushed into the pond by someone who later suffered the consequence of vomiting blood before their death.

 

Within the precincts of the Dargah of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafa (RA), to the northwest, is a water tank that has become an important feature during weddings or large gatherings, such as the Shinni ceremony. Shinni is a memorial ceremony where food is provided to congregants, and prayers (Dua) are offered for the deceased, while charity is given to the poor. To request food supplies for such events, one could write their request on a banana leaf, specifying the number of plates, bowls, and cups required, and submit it to the tank. In response, golden plates and drinking cups would float in the tank by the Ghat (a series of steps leading down to the water).

 

On one occasion, a maid hid a plate in cow dung manure, and when the supplies were returned to the tank, the plate floated around instead of sinking as expected. The maid, frightened by the event, confessed to hiding the plate. Afterwards, many of the catering supplies were submerged in the water for the last time and never returned. These golden supplies were believed to be reserved only for the descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafa (RA). This story has been passed down orally through generations by the elders of the family.

 

The water reservoir near the Dargah was dug by Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafa (RA) in the early fourteenth century. It was the first of its kind in the area, providing pure drinking water not only for the local community but also for his family.


The Ratna Nodi, once a vital river, has undergone a significant transformation over time. Originally serving as a Gupat, which was a cattle pathway to pasturelands during the dry season and a waterway for flooding periods, the river has now become a canal. This transformation has altered its course and purpose.

 

In the past, Ratna Nodi was a lifeline for locals, particularly for their livestock, as it connected the fields and pasturelands. During floods, it became an essential route for water, aiding transportation and linking different areas. However, in the present day, the once mighty river has dried up or been channelled into a canal, which is now bordered by a road on its banks.

 

This shift from a natural waterway to a man-made canal reflects changes in the landscape and infrastructure, perhaps due to shifting climates, urbanization, or local engineering efforts. The canal now serves as a part of the transportation network, perhaps aiding in irrigation or simply being a remnant of its once-pristine state, now confined to its role in modern-day living.


The seasonal flooding of the east bank of Ratna Nodi transforms the once mighty and majestic landscape into a water world, where each house resembles an island. This view stretches across the riverbank of the east side and the periphery of Kunabon (corner paddy field), extending toward the west Tilak area, behind the Danis Mansion of Sarong Bari, also known as Serang's Bari or Sarang-Bari (meaning the home of the serangs, with "Sarang" referring to the second mate or boatswain on a ship). This place has a deep connection to the legacy of maritime life.

 

In the late 19th century, Nawab Ali Amjad Khan sent a messenger, accompanied by an elephant, to extend an invitation to Muhammad Danis, also known as Danis Sarong or Danis Sarang. Danis Sarang was a distinguished second mate of a ship—a pivotal maritime role, ranking as the third or, on some ocean liners, the fourth in command. As a watchkeeping officer, he was traditionally responsible for navigation and overseeing the vessel’s course.

 

A highly skilled and experienced petty officer, Danis Sarang played a crucial role in managing the crew, particularly the lascar seamen who served aboard British merchant ships. In addition to his navigational responsibilities, he functioned as a serang, overseeing the maintenance of essential maritime equipment, including boats, sails, rigging, anchors, and cables. His expertise and leadership were vital to ensuring the efficiency and discipline of the crew, making him an indispensable figure in maritime operations.


Danis Sarong had a significant influence and was known for his leadership. The invitation to him was special, partly due to an incident that had occurred in Kolkata. One day, Ali Amjad, dressed casually with his bodyguards, entered a saree shop intending to buy an expensive sari. When the shopkeeper showed him lower-priced saris, Ali Amjad insisted on seeing the expensive collection. The shopkeeper, seeing Ali Amjad’s modest attire, humiliated him by stating that the expensive saris were beyond his means. Ali Amjad, embarrassed, left the shop.

 

As he walked out, some people nearby mentioned Danis Sarong as the only powerful Sylheti who might be able to assist him in this situation. Ali Amjad sought out Danis Sarong, explaining the incident. Danis Sarong, not recognising him as a wealthy individual, asked, “Do you have enough money?” In response, Ali Amjad ordered his bodyguards to reveal two sacks of money to Danis Sarong. Danis Sarong, seeing the wealth, said, "That’s enough money to buy the shop and the shopkeeper!" Ali Amjad replied, "That is exactly what I want."

 

Together, they returned to the shop, and this time, when the shopkeeper saw Danis Sarong, he became fearful. The shop manager greeted Danis Sarong and Ali Amjad. Danis Sarong, in his calm but powerful manner, asked about the price of both the shop and its owner. The manager replied, “We only sell goods, not the shop or its salesman.”

 

In a dramatic moment, Danis Sarong instructed the shopkeeper to place all the saris in the middle of the road. The shop was emptied, and the saris were laid out. Danis Sarong then poured petrol on the saris and set them ablaze. He pointed at Ali Amjad and declared, "He is the Nawab Ali Amjad Khan of Longla, Prithimpassa Estate, Kulaura, Moulvibazar, Sylhet, Eastern Bengal." This act of fiery defiance sent a clear message to the shopkeeper and others, establishing the power and authority of Ali Amjad Khan.

 

The story of Danis Sarong’s intervention is one of many that highlight his influence and leadership in the region, as well as the respect he commanded from the people.

 

Once, Danis Sarang was crossing the river in a small boat known as Kheya Ghat. This term refers to a small ferry crossing where people pay a small fee unless they are locals, as the locals typically pay an annual fee for the service. The crossing wasn’t far from Shaharpara.

 

As the boatmen, known as majihi (boatmen), steered the boat, they asked Danis Sarang where he was going. Danis Sarang replied, "Shaharpara." The boatman then said, "Ah, you must know Danis Sarang!" Danis Sarang nodded in agreement. The boatman added, "I wish I could meet him one day. He is such a famous man."

 

After crossing the river, Danis Sarang gave the boatman ten takas, enough for him to buy a new boat. Additionally, Danis Sarang gave the boatman his Kashmiri woollen shawl. At that moment, the boatman realised who he had been speaking to.

 

From that day onward, the boatman never charged anyone for crossing the river to or from Shaharpara as a sign of respect and gratitude to Danis Sarang.

Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA)—also known by various spellings of his surname—such as Uddin, ud-Din, ad-Din, al-Din, Quhafa, Quhafani, Quhafah, Qattan, and Qattani—traces his noble lineage to the Adnanite ancestry, a distinguished Arab bloodline directly connected to the sacred progeny of Prophet Muhammad (SAW).

 

Revered as Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), he was a direct descendant of Hazrat Khwaja Shah Burhan-ud-Din Quhafa (RA), also known as Hazrat Khwaja Burhanuddin Ketan (RA) or Qattal Shah in Chittagong. This esteemed forefather, in turn, was a descendant of Hazrat Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (RA), the closest companion and first Caliph of Islam. Born in Mecca around 573 CE into the prominent Banu Taym clan of the Quraysh tribe, Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) was renowned for his wisdom, piety, and exceptional leadership. These virtues were passed down through generations, culminating in the revered figure of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA)—a beacon of spiritual wisdom and noble lineage.

 

Hazrat Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (RA), the first Caliph of Islam, was the son of Uthman Abu Quhafa (nicknamed Abu Quhafa) and Salma Umm-ul-Khair (nicknamed Umm-ul-Khair). His noble lineage traces back to Murrah ibn Ka‘b, who is also the common ancestor of Prophet Muhammad (SAW).

 

Lineage Connection Between Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) and Prophet Muhammad (SAW):

            1.         Prophet Muhammad (SAW):

Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy ibn Kilab ibn Murrah

            2.         Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA):

Abu Bakr ibn Abu Quhafa (Uthman) ibn Amir ibn Amr ibn Ka‘b ibn Sa‘d ibn Taym ibn Murrah

 

Both lineages intersect at Murrah ibn Ka‘b, making them eighth cousins. This noble connection highlights their shared Qurayshi ancestry and their prominence in Makkah’s social and tribal hierarchy.

 

Lineage of Hazrat Muhammad (SAW):  

- Muhammad (SAW)  

- Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Muttalib  

- Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim  

- Hashim ibn Abd Manaf  

- Abd Manaf ibn Qusai  

- Qusai ibn Kilab  

- Kilab ibn Murrah  

- Murrah ibn Ka'b  

- Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy  

- Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib  

- Ghalib ibn Fihr  

- Fihr ibn Malik  

- Malik ibn an-Nadr  

- an-Nadr ibn Kinanah  

- Kinanah ibn Khuzaimah  

- Khuzaimah ibn Mudrikah  

- Mudrikah ibn Elias  

- Elias ibn Mudar  

- Mudar ibn Nizar  

- Nizar ibn Ma'ad  

- Ma'ad ibn Adnan.

 

Lineage of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA):  

- Abu Bakr (RA)  

- Uthman Abu Quhafa ibn Amir  

- Amir ibn Amr  

- Amr ibn Ka'b  

- Ka'b ibn Sa'd  

- Sa'd ibn Taym  

- Taym ibn Murrah  

- Murrah ibn Ka'b.

 

Both Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) and Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) belonged to the noble Quraysh tribe, a lineage that holds great reverence in Islam. Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) was renowned for his virtue, wisdom, and modesty. Descriptions of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) portray him as a thin man with fair skin. Hazrat Aisha (Radi Allahu Anha), his daughter, is quoted by Tabari and Suyuti, as well as Ibn Sa'd al-Baghdadi, providing further insights into his noble character.

 

The first tomb in Islam is traditionally considered to be that of Hazrat Muhammad (SAW), the Prophet of Islam. After his passing in 632 CE, he was buried in the Prophet’s Mosque (Masjid al-Nabawi) in Medina, Saudi Arabia, in the chamber of his wife, Hazrat Aisha (Radi Allahu Anha).

 

This tomb holds immense significance for Muslims worldwide as the burial site of the final Prophet. The Prophet’s tomb is located adjacent to the Prophet’s Mosque, and it is an important place of pilgrimage for Muslims, especially during the Hajj pilgrimage. The tomb is also close to the graves of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA), the first caliph, and Hazrat Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA), the second caliph, who were buried beside the Prophet.

 

While the tomb of Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) is the most significant in Islam, Jannat al-Baqi in Medina is home to many other early Islamic figures, including Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA), the first caliph, and Hazrat Uthman ibn Affan (RA), the third caliph, whose tombs are also venerated by Muslims.


Early Illustrations of Significant Locations in Madinah:

 

a. Prophet’s Mihrab:

The mihrab of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) refers to the prayer niche in the mosque from which he led prayers. It symbolizes his role as the leader of the Muslim community and is a key spiritual landmark in Madinah.

 

b. Aisha b. Abu Bakr’s (RA) Residence:

Aisha (RA), the wife of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), lived here. Her home became an essential centre for the transmission of Hadith, as she narrated numerous sayings of the Prophet (SAW).

 

c. Hafsa b. Umar’s (RA) Residence:

Hafsa (RA), the daughter of Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA), was the wife of Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Her residence in Madinah holds historical significance, being a place where many revelations were revealed.

 

d. Zainab b. Jahsh’s (RA) Residence (not pictured):

Zainab (RA) was married to Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and played an important role in early Islamic history. Her residence, though not pictured, is an integral part of the homes of the Prophet’s wives.

 

e. Zainab b. Kuzayma’s (RA) Residence (not pictured):

Zainab (RA), known as the “Mother of the Poor,” was one of the Prophet’s wives. Though her residence is not shown, her contributions to charity and the early Muslim community are legendary.

 

f. Fatima’s (RA) Residence (not pictured):

Fatima (RA), the daughter of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), lived in Madinah with her husband, Ali (RA). Her home was central to the Prophet’s family and played a key role in Islamic history.

 

g. Baab-Uthman b. Affan (RA):

Baab Uthman is a gate of the Prophet’s mosque, named after Uthman ibn Affan (RA), the third Caliph of Islam. This gate marks an important entry point into the mosque and holds significance in early Islamic governance.

 

h. Ahlul Suffa Residence:

Ahlul Suffa were the poor companions who lived in a special area of the mosque in Madinah, devoted to worship and learning. They were among the earliest followers of the Prophet (SAW) and are remembered for their dedication.

 

i. Juwayriya’s (RA) Residence (not pictured):

Juwayriya (RA), one of the wives of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), is remembered for her piety and her role in the Muslim community. Her residence is significant in the history of the early Muslim Ummah.

 

j. Rumla’s (RA) Residence (not pictured):

Rumla (RA), also known as Umm Habiba, was the daughter of Abu Sufyan and the wife of Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Though her residence is not depicted, her life holds significance in Islamic history.

 

k. Saffiya’s (RA) Residence (not pictured):

Saffiya (RA) was another wife of Prophet Muhammad (SAW). She is remembered for her noble lineage and her conversion to Islam. Her residence, although not shown, is part of the broader history of the Prophet’s wives.

 

l. Baab-ul-Rahma:

Baab-ul-Rahma, the Gate of Mercy, is an important entry point to the Prophet’s Mosque, symbolizing divine mercy and compassion. It is often associated with spiritual significance in Islamic tradition.

 

m. Abu Bakr’s (RA) Residence:

Abu Bakr (RA), the first Caliph and close companion of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), lived in a house near the Prophet’s residence. His home played a critical role in the early years of Islam, especially during the migration to Madinah.

 

n. Sa’d b. Abi Waqaas (RA) Residence (not pictured):

Sa’d (RA), a prominent companion and commander in the early Islamic military, had a residence in Madinah. His home, although not pictured, is significant for his leadership role in the expansion of Islam.

 

o. al-Abbas b. Abdul Muttalib (RA) (Prophet’s SAWS uncle) Residence:

Al-Abbas (RA), the uncle of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), was an important figure in both the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods. His residence in Madinah symbolizes his continued support for the Prophet (SAW).

 

p. Jafar b. Abi Sadiq (RA) Residence:

Jafar ibn Abi Talib (RA), the Prophet's (SAW) cousin, is known for his bravery and leadership. His residence in Madinah marks the home of a key companion who played a major role in the early Muslim community.


These locations highlight the significant individuals who were integral to the growth and spread of Islam, and each residence holds historical and spiritual significance in the early days of the Islamic community in Madinah.




The Blessed Grave of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace and blessings be upon him) is located inside the room of Sayyidah Ayesha (RA), which was part of her house in Masjid al-Nabawi, Madinah.

 

The Three Most Sacred Graves in Islam:

            1.         The First Tomb in Islam:

            •           The grave of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is within the room of Sayyidah Ayesha (RA), where he passed away and was buried according to his own directive.

            2.         The Second Tomb in Islam:

            •           Sayyiduna Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (RA), the first Caliph of Islam and closest companion of the Prophet (PBUH), was buried next to the Prophet (PBUH) in the same room.

            3.         The Third Tomb in Islam:

            •           Sayyiduna Umar Ibn Al-Khattab (RA), the second Caliph, was later buried beside the Prophet (PBUH) and Abu Bakr (RA), completing the sacred trio.


The noble lineage of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (RA), the closest companion and first Caliph of Islam, has flourished across generations, spreading to the four corners of the world. From the bustling cities of the East to the distant lands of the West, his blessed descendants carry the torch of his wisdom, piety, and unwavering faith.

 

Like the ripples of a mighty river that began at the wellspring of Prophetic companionship, his progeny continues to walk the earth with the legacy of truth, justice, and leadership. Whether in the deserts of Arabia, the mountains of Central Asia, the plains of the Indian subcontinent, or the distant shores of Africa and Europe, their presence remains a testament to the enduring light of his legacy—a light that neither time nor distance can extinguish.

 

The family genealogy of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) was later included in the genealogical records of Shahji Gushti’s family, as detailed in their family history book. According to family elders, the original family tree was lost or damaged due to natural causes, with its origins tracing back to the father of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA). Some family members believe that the family history book, which contained the genealogy from the late Middle Ages, was stolen by a concubine of the family. This concubine, feeling disrespected by the family, allegedly took the genealogy and left the village, never to return. 

 

Fortunately, another version of the genealogical tree, detailing the lineage of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), was preserved by Maulvi Abdul Heleem, a descendant of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA).

 

Years later, my grandfather’s younger brother, Mohammad Jahir Master, compiled the family genealogy from his memory and the recollections of the family elders across generations. What I present here is based on the research conducted by my father. In ancient times, families cherished the names of their ancestors, passing down these names through stories. The story of Shah Shukur Uddin stands out among these family tales due to its remarkable nature. To the best of my knowledge, the family genealogy provided by my family has been continuously updated to the present day.

 

For instance, in the context of family genealogy, it’s common to consider an interval of three generations as spanning one hundred years. There are also different systems for calculating the length of a generation, often ranging from twenty-five to thirty years. With one system, three generations are counted per century; with the other, there are four generations per century.

 

According to these calculations, there should be at least 27 or 28 paternal generations over a span of 794 years. However, I have documented 24 paternal ancestors. If I include myself, my son Mohammad Al-Hamim Hussein Kamaly, and my elder brother’s grandson Mohammad Farhad Kamaly, that makes 27 males. This brings us closer to the expected paternal interval. A longer interbirth paternity interval may occur due to various factors, such as the late birth of a son, the first or last births of daughters, or multiple marriages resulting in the late birth of a son from a later marriage.

 

The timing of a son’s birth in relation to other siblings, particularly if born late in the family’s generational line, can lengthen the paternity interval. Factors such as life expectancy, age at marriage, and whether the family has more daughters before a son, all influence this interval. Therefore, the extended paternity gap in my family can be considered theoretically correct.

 

My elder stepbrother, Mohammad Abul Hussain Kamaly (born 8:30 PM on Sunday, November 1, 1924, in Rasulpur — passed away on Monday, September 21, 2015, in London, aged 91), was buried in the Garden of Peace Muslim Cemetery. He married on March 7, 1959, and had three sons and three daughters. His eldest child, Mohammad Shafi Uddin Kamaly, born in 1960, will be about 64 years old in 2024. Shafi’s youngest son, Mohammad Farhad Hussain Kamaly, born after five daughters, will be 22 years old in 2024. His second son, Tunu Miah Kamaly (also known as Shahi Uddin Kamaly), has no sons yet.

 

Mohammad Abul Hussain Kamaly’s younger son, Titu Miah Kamaly, has a younger daughter who will turn 10 in 2024. His eldest daughter will be 17. The period from 1924 to 2024 marks a full 100 years, with Mohammad Abul Hussain Kamaly’s youngest son being the last-born in the family. This suggests that the paternity intervals in earlier generations of my family were longer on average and that our ancestors lived significantly longer than the national life expectancy.

 

This long paternity gap allows me to count seven fathers within a span of 200 years. If I trace the family lineage from 1230 to 2024, that amounts to roughly 794 years, and this would give me around 27 or 28 generations, which is accurate. These generational gaps are sometimes influenced by factors such as late marriages, having daughters before sons, or other family dynamics, all of which have contributed to the paternity gap observed in my family’s lineage.

 

My stepmother and my biological mother were cousins, both descendants of Shah Amir-ud-Din, who was the elder son of Shah Shukur-ud-Din and the elder brother of Shah Moniur-ud-Din, one of my ancestors. After the death of my stepmother, my father remarried my mother on July 17, 1945. I was born on March 8, 1965, when my father was about 63 years old, making me the youngest of his children. 

 

Before my birth, I had four sisters. Following them, my elder brother Mohammad Mothahir Hussain Kamaly was born, who later had two daughters. My next elder brother, Mohammad Arbab Hussain Kamaly, had a son after having two daughters. My father was born after the birth of his sister.

 

In terms of my family structure, I had four older stepbrothers, an older dearest sister, and a younger brother, one of whom passed away before I was born. 

 

Family History Overview

 

Mohammad Abul Hussain Kamaly, also known as Haji Abdul Hussain (Kamaly): Born in 1924 and passed away in 2015, he left behind three sons and three daughters. His passport reportedly contains a mistake, listing his name as “Abdul” instead of “Abul.”

 

Musammad Rabia Khatun Kamaly (Shaista): Born on April 14, 1926, in Rasulpur and passed away in 2008, aged 82, in Narainpur Paschim Bari Shaharpara. She had four children — two sons and two daughters. Sadly, the eldest son and eldest daughter passed away due to old age.

 

Mohammad Noorul Hussain Kamaly: Born in Rasulpur, he passed away in London on November 4, 2009, at the age of 78. He was buried in the family graveyard at Master Bari, West Tilak. He was married three times, and his first wife was English. He had three sons and five daughters. Noorul Hossain spent most of his life in London and had his first daughter with his English wife in 1959. His eldest son, Khosru Hossain Kamaly, born in 1966, has one son, who will turn 10 in 2024. The age difference between Khosru and his grandfather is approximately 83 years.

 

Mohammad Badrul Hussain Kamaly: Born on January 1, 1934, in Rasulpur, Badrul passed away in 2010 at the age of 76 at Masterbari in Paschim Tilak and was buried in the family graveyard. He was the father of four sons and six daughters. Tragically, many of his children from his first marriage died in infancy. After his first wife’s passing, he married twice more. His second marriage resulted in the birth of a son, Anu Kamaly, and his third marriage resulted in five daughters. 

 

Mohammad Faizul Hussain Kamaly: Born on November 24, 1936, in Rasulpur, he passed away on September 5, 1957, at the age of 22 due to chickenpox or smallpox. He was buried in the family graveyard at Schoolbari. Faizul was remembered fondly by the village for his strength, even though his life was tragically short. He had a deep love for music and was known to use a lemon tree thorn to fix the pin on his gramophone when it broke. Though he did not live long enough to move with the family to West Tilak, he helped my father bring materials to build the new home at Tilak Master Bari. He was so strong that he could carry two men under his arms, even though one of them, my elder sister’s husband, was older than him.

 

Musammad Ajibunahar Kamaly: Born on April 14, 1946, in Rasulpur. Her burial location is not mentioned in the genealogy, but I believe she was buried in the School Bari Cemetery in Rasulpur.

 

Musammad Mahir Angiz Begum Kamaly (Minara): Born on January 30, 1948, in Rasulpur, Schoolbari, Minara passed away on July 23, 2012, at 11:30 PM in Docklands, London, at the age of 64 due to ovarian cancer. She was buried in the Garden of Peace Cemetery. Minara's death occurred during the holy month of Ramadan, and her funeral (Janazah) was held the following day after the Zuhr prayer, during the fourth day of Ramadan. In her passport, her name is listed as Minara Begum.

 

Minara was married to Mohammad Monuhor Mia, the son of Mohammad Awatir from Katia Oloitali village, Jagannatpur, Sunamganj, in 1965. However, just a few months into their marriage, Minara became a widow after her husband tragically died in a plane crash over Cairo involving Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) in 1965. After this loss, she came to live with our family and stayed with us for the rest of her life. 

 

She devoted her life to caring for me and showed me an unparalleled love that I will never forget. Minara remained a widow, never remarrying, as she wished to honour the memory of her beloved husband. Over the years, Minara also sought to visit her younger sister, who was suffering from cancer and had moved to London in 1985, but could not return to Bangladesh. 

 

Minara applied several times for a visa to visit her sister at the British High Commission in Dhaka, but each time was denied. After her sister's passing, Minara finally received her visa and came to London with a broken heart, where she visited her sister’s grave at 540 Romford Road, Manor Park, London, E7 8AF, in Woodgrange Park Cemetery. Minara lived with her sister's children in London, and although she had no children of her own, she loved me and her sister’s children as her own.

 

Minara had a deep connection with her nephew, Abthahee Kamaly, the youngest of her sister's children. Abthahee learned to speak Sylheti-Bangla to communicate with Minara, as she was unable to speak English. Minara endured depression for many years and, like her sister, was diagnosed with ovarian cancer after an operation at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital in London. She followed a similar treatment path to her sister, suffering greatly but remaining dedicated to her family. Sadly, Minara passed away from the same illness as her sister during Ramadan in 2012, coinciding with the London Olympics.

 

Musammad Bina Begum Kamaly: Born on February 9, 1952, at 11:30 AM in Rasulpur, Bina’s burial location is not mentioned in the genealogy, though she was likely buried in the School Bari Cemetery in Rasulpur. Infant mortality was common in Bengal, as in other parts of Bangladesh, and my family was not an exception. Several children in our family passed away in infancy, including two of my older sisters. 

 

Musammad Mahir Afjun Kamaly (Dilara): Born on February 13, 1953, in Rasulpur, Dilara was known by her passport name, Dilwara Begum Kamaly. She passed away on July 21, 2001, at the age of 48 in London and was buried in Woodgrange Park Cemetery at 540 Romford Road, London, E7 8AF. Dilara had three daughters and two sons, all of whom are married and living in various parts of the UK. Her youngest daughter resides in Sheffield, and her eldest daughter lives in Mansfield.

 

Mohammad Mothahir Hussain Kamaly: Born on March 2, 1957, in Rasulpur, Mothahir is the youngest child of my father, born in Schoolbari, Rasulpur. Mothahir now lives in New York with his wife and two daughters. His older daughter is married and works in a pharmacy in New York, while the younger daughter is still attending university there.

 

Mohammad Arbab Hussain Kamaly: Born in 1961 at West Tilak Masterbari, Arbab married in 1993 and is the father of three children: two daughters and one son. They reside in Docklands, London. Arbab’s only son, Isa Ahmed Kamaly, was born in 2002. Isa has an interesting connection to his grandfather, as there is a 100-year age gap between them.

 

Musammad Mahir Angiz Begum Kamaly (Minara)

Date of Birth: January 30, 1948, in Rasulpur, Schoolbari  

Date of Death: July 23, 2012, at 11:30 PM in Docklands, London, aged 64 

Cause of Death: Ovarian cancer  

Burial: Garden of Peace Cemetery, London  

Funeral: The Janazah (funeral prayer) was held at Brick Lane Jamme Masjid after the Zuhr prayer on the following day, during the fourth day of Ramadan.  

 

Minara married Monuhor Mia in 1965, the son of Mohammad Awatir of Katia Oloitali Village, Jagannathpur, Sunamganj. Tragically, their union was short-lived—on May 20, 1965, Monuhor Mia lost his life in a Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) plane crash over Cairo, Egypt, barely eight months after their marriage.

 

Monuhor Mia’s name is engraved on a marble slab alongside 121 other deceased individuals, including the entire crew from the tragic PIA plane crash in Cairo on Thursday, 20 May 1965. Of the 127 people on board, only six survived. The last survivor, Mr. Salahuddin Siddique, passed away on 18 August 2024 at the age of 93.

 

In honour of the victims, officials from the Pakistan Embassy laid a wreath at the memorial and offered Fateha for the souls of the martyrs. Monuhor Mia’s name appears in the last line under the letter “M,” following Miss Momi Gul Durrani. Their names are immortalised on a stone monument in the Pakistani section of Cairo’s Bassatine Cemetery.

 

At the time of Monuhor Mia’s passing—who was my brother-in-law—I was exactly two months and 12 days old, the youngest of my sibling group, far too young to comprehend the profound loss that would forever shape our lives. After this tragic loss, Minara moved in with us and cared for me for the rest of her life, showing immense love and devotion. She never remarried, instead dedicating her life to the memory of her beloved husband. 

 

Minara wished to visit her younger sister, who had been diagnosed with cancer and had moved to London in 1985 but could not return to Bangladesh. She made several attempts at the British High Commission in Dhaka to obtain a visa but was always refused. After her younger sister's death, Minara finally received her visa and came to London with a heavy heart.

 

In London, Minara visited her sister’s grave at 540 Romford Road, Manor Park, London, E7 8AF, in Woodgrange Park Cemetery. She lived with her sister’s children and, though she had no children of her own, loved them and me as if we were her own. Her nephew, Abthahee Kamaly, learned to speak Sylheti-Bangla to communicate with her, as she could not speak English.

 

Minara went through a prolonged period of depression after the loss of her sister. She was diagnosed with ovarian cancer, a disease that had also affected her sister. She underwent similar treatments at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London, suffering immensely from the same illness. Minara passed away in 2012 during Ramadan, around the time of the London Olympics.

 

Musammad Bina Begum Kamaly

Date of Birth: February 9, 1952, in Rasulpur, at 11:30 AM.  

Bina’s burial place is not mentioned, but it is assumed she was buried in Schoolbari Cemetery, Rasulpur.  

 

Bina's passing is part of the larger family narrative, which includes infant mortality, a tragic reality in Bengal and Bangladesh at that time. Many of the children in the family, including two of my elder sisters, did not survive infancy.  

 

Musammad Mahir Afjun Kamaly (Dilara)  

Date of Birth: February 13, 1953, in Rasulpur  

Date of Death: July 21, 2001, in London, aged 48  

BurialWoodgrange Park Cemetery, 540 Romford Road, London, E7 8AF  

 

Dilara, also known as Dilwara Begum Kamaly, had three daughters and two sons, all of whom are now living in the UK. The youngest daughter resides in Sheffield, while the eldest is in Mansfield. All of Dilara's children are married, except for the youngest son.

 

Mohammad Mothahir Hussain Kamaly  

Date of Birth: March 2, 1957, in Rasulpur, Schoolbari  

Mothahir is the youngest child of my father and was born in School Bari. Later, my immediate elder sibling and I were born in Master Bari. He currently lives in New York with his wife and two daughters. His elder daughter is married and works in a pharmacy in New York, while the younger daughter is attending university.

 

Mohammad Arbab Hussain Kamaly  

Date of Birth: 1961, at West Tilak Master Bari  

Arbab married in 1993 and is the father of three children: two daughters and one son. His family resides in Docklands, London. His only son, Isa Ahmed Kamaly, was born in 2002, and there is a fascinating 100-year age gap between Isa and his grandfather.

 

Other Family Details

 

Paternal Nephews: I have 11 paternal nephews. Of these, four sons were born, with the eldest being 22 years old, the second 10, the third 8, and the fourth 6 years old in 2024. Two of my nephews are not married yet, and I hope to have grandchildren in the future.  

 

Second Brother: The second brother had three wives, and all his wives had children.  

 

Third Brother: The third brother was married three times and had children by all his wives.  

 

My Son, Mohammad Al-Hamim Hussein Kamaly  

Date of Birth: April 6, 2006  

My son was born 104 years after my father's birth (September 30, 1902). The generational gap between my father and my son is significant, highlighting the extended lineage of my paternal family. I am focusing only on the patrilineal descent, not the matrilineal side.

 

Paternal Family Lineage and Generational Gaps  

The extended paternity gap in my family is perhaps due to a combination of factors. Some of my ancestors likely had daughters much earlier than sons, married late, or remarried multiple times, which could explain the longer paternity intervals. This has led to fewer paternal figures in the family over time, though I recognise that this is a rough estimate based on available records and historical sources.  

 

As per the descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamaluddin (RA), it is believed that Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA)'s mother was the elder sister of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA). Based on historical timelines, Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) would have been born after 1230 AD. The death of Hazrat Khwaja Moinuddin Hasan Chishti (RA) in 1236 AD and his contemporaneous relationship with Hazrat Khwaja Burhanuddin Ketan (RA), places Hazrat Shah Kamal's (RA) birth sometime after that period.

 

The Legacy of the Kamaly Family: A History of Devotion, Faith, and Heritage

 

Bismillah Hir Rahman-ir-Raheem

In the name of Allah (SWT), the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, I begin this sacred task of writing the genealogy book of our esteemed family. With deep humility and reverence, I invoke Allah (Subhanahu wa Ta’ala), the Most Compassionate, the Most Forgiving, to bless this endeavour. May He forgive the sins of my beloved parents and all my ancestors and grant them eternal peace in His Paradise. I repent for my own shortcomings and seek His forgiveness, acknowledging that only He is the source of mercy.

 

Our family lineage has been carefully documented in a manuscript, first penned by my beloved grandfather’s younger brother, the late Mohammad Jahir, also known as Zaheer Ali (Master). This book, written in Bengali, was later translated into English. It contains the invaluable birth and death details of our ancestors, recorded meticulously as a testament to our noble heritage.

 

A Legacy That Stretches Back to Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA)

 

The roots of our family extend deep into the history of Islam, tracing back to Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), a revered Sufi saint of the 14th century. He was a descendant of Hazrat Abu Bakr (Radi Allahu Anhu), the first Caliph of Islam. Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) lived in Shaharpara, where his tomb and those of his children stand as lasting symbols of faith, devotion, and spiritual legacy. The descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) are divided into various clans, each with their distinct names: Baglar Gushti, Mullar Gushti, Shahjir Gushti, Sadardi Gushti, Sheikhbadi Gushti, Sheikh Farid Gushti, and Khadim Gushti. These clans have flourished not only in Shaharpara but also in other regions, such as Patli and Sylhet Dargah Mahalla.

 

Our family tree, with its deep-rooted connection to Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), was originally written in the late 19th century in a bloodline book that divided our family into these various clans. This sacred book was passed down through generations, beginning with my grandfather and later continued by my father, Akbar Ali (Master), who meticulously copied and preserved these records.

 

In May 1995, my elder brother, Mohammad Arbab Hussain Kamaly, with the help of our cousin Shah Zillur Rahman Kamaly, a descendant of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), contributed immensely to this genealogical work. Together, they recorded the family’s lineage and updated the records, ensuring that our family’s history was preserved for future generations.

 

The Written Legacy: From Notebook to Genealogy Book

 

The initial records of our family were kept in a small notebook, a treasured document written by my late uncle, Mohammad Jahir Ali (Master). This book began as a humble compilation but grew into an extensive genealogy. My father, Akbar Ali (Master), copied this notebook onto a fresh pad, creating what he termed “Heredity in Bloodline.” This book became the cornerstone of our family’s genealogical records, passed down to my elder brother, Mohammad Arbab Hussain Kamaly, who continued to add details about marriages and new generations.

 

As time passed, the original writing pad ran out of space, and my elder brother began a new record, starting once again with Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) and his father, Hazrat Shah Burhan Uddin (RA). The records were updated, capturing new branches of the family and adding vital details about our ancestors. The preservation of these records was not an easy task, and much effort was required to maintain the accuracy and integrity of the family history.

 

The Sacred Role of Shah Zillur Rahman Kamaly

 

Shah Zillur Rahman Kamaly, a descendant of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), played an instrumental role in preserving and translating the genealogical records of our family. His contributions to our genealogical project were invaluable. In 1993, he translated the Nachab Nama (the genealogy book) from Persian into Bengali, making the family history more accessible to future generations. He also ensured that the Urdu translation, completed by an outside professional in the 1970s, was incorporated into the Bengali manuscript.

 

Shah Zillur Rahman Kamaly’s efforts did not end there. He also ensured that the genealogical script was passed on to my elder brother, who continued the work with great care and diligence. The preservation of this precious document, which was passed down through generations of our family, was central to the completion of this book.

 

The Role of Maulvi Abdul Heleem and the Nachab Nama

 

One of the pivotal figures in the preservation of our family’s genealogical history was Maulvi Abdul Heleem, a religious scholar who translated the Nachab Nama (Krishti) from Arabic into Persian. His translation work was later refined and translated into Bengali by Shah Zillur Rahman Kamaly in the 1990s. This effort helped preserve the historical narrative of our family, which could have otherwise been lost to time.

 

Maulvi Abdul Heleem’s translation, as well as his extensive knowledge of the family’s history, was passed down through the generations. The treasure trove of historical records he left behind has been an essential part of our family’s ongoing genealogical project.

 

The Call for Preservation and Immortality

 

The creation of this genealogical book is not only a documentation of dates and names but also a legacy meant to honour the sacrifices, faith, and struggles of our ancestors. This book is not just a collection of facts; it is a symbol of the dedication, love, and hard work invested in preserving our family’s heritage. It is a legacy that will continue to live on through the generations, a living testimony of our deep connection to Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) and the great Sufi tradition that he embodied.

 

The book, which we refer to as Kristi Bahi or Kulji, encapsulates the sacred bond between our family and our forefathers. It serves as a testament to our shared history, to the unity that binds us, and to the eternal value of preserving one’s heritage. May Allah (Subhanahu wa Ta’ala) continue to bless our family and grant us the strength to uphold the dignity and honour of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) for generations to come.

 

A Message of Gratitude

 

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Shah Zillur Rahman Kamaly, whose invaluable contributions made this project possible. His effort in preserving the family’s records, along with the help of my elder brother, Mohammad Arbab Hussain Kamaly, has ensured that this history is not lost to time. May Allah (Subhanahu wa Ta’ala) reward them abundantly for their efforts.

 

I also extend my thanks to my late grandfather, my father, and all the generations before us 

who have preserved and passed down this heritage. Without their efforts, our story would have remained untold.

 

This book is not just a historical document; it is a living, breathing testament to our identity and faith. May it serve as a source of pride, inspiration, and unity for future generations. May Allah (Subhanahu wa Ta’ala) grant our family success, peace, and eternal blessings in both this world and the Hereafter.

 

All praise is due to Allah (SWT), the Lord of all worlds. May peace and blessings be upon the family of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), our ancestors, and all those who came before us.

 

The Majestic Lineage of Hazrat Ismail (AS) and Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA): A Legacy of Reverence and Honour

Our lineage stretches back through the sacred corridors of Islamic history, reaching the exalted heights of Hazrat Ismail (AS), the eldest son of Hazrat Ibrahim (AS), the Patriarch of Monotheism. It does not stop there. Our roots intertwine with the first Caliph of IslamHazrat Abu Bakr (RA), whose faith, devotion, and leadership shaped the very foundation of Islam. The bloodline leads us directly to Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA), a distinguished descendant of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) through Hazrat Abdur Rahman ibn Abi Bakr (RA). 

 

This awe-inspiring family tree, known as the "Nachab Nama", is a sacred testament of divine lineage, linking us to the noblest of ancestors and setting the stage for an extraordinary journey through time. Below, we explore the monumental figures in our family’s history, each contributing in immeasurable ways to the spiritual, intellectual, and socio-political landscapes of their eras.

 

1. Hazrat Shah Burhan Uddin (RA) - The Sufi Saint

Born circa 1230 AD, Hazrat Shah Burhan Uddin, also known as Shah Kat’tal or Qazi Kadal Khan, was a revered Sufi saint whose influence transcended time and borders. He received the title "Ketan" after becoming a prominent spiritual guide. His legacy is etched in the hearts of countless followers, with two Mazars dedicated to his memory, one at Katalganj, Chittagong, and the other at Faringajuri (Faringi Bazaar). His teachings of love, peace, and divine union remain a guiding light for us.

 

2. Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) - The Pious Descendant of Abu Bakr (RA)

Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA), also known as Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA), was born in 1291 and lived until 1385, leading a life of spiritual fortitude and guidance. As the son of Hazrat Shah Burhan Uddin (RA), his piety and wisdom enriched not only his lineage but also the wider Sufi world. His presence is still felt, and his legacy continues to inspire generations in Chittagong and beyond.

 

3. Shah Jamal Uddin (RA) - The Forgotten Son

Often overshadowed by the narrative of his younger brother, Shah Muazzamuddin Qureshi, historical records and the Nachab Nama identify Shah Jamal Uddin (RA) as the true second son of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA). His contributions to the preservation of spiritual wisdom are profound, and his story remains an integral part of our family’s narrative.

 

4. Shah Jahangir Uddin, Shah Sulaiman Uddin, and Shah Zamin Uddin - Pillars of Strength

These revered figures, Shah Jahangir UddinShah Sulaiman Uddin, and Shah Zamin Uddin, each represent a unique aspect of piety and resilience. Their names continue to be invoked in prayers, their acts of faith etched in the annals of our family history.

 

5. Shah Razzak Uddin to Shah Amir Uddin - A Legacy of Knowledge and Leadership

The lineage flourishes through Shah Razzak UddinShah Zaman UddinShah Jabir Uddin, and Shah Amir Uddin, each carrying the mantle of responsibility and leadership. They were instrumental in the development of our ancestral lands and communities, guiding us in the path of righteousness and prosperity.

 

6. Shah Anwar Uddin to Shah Shulaiman Uddin - The Stewards of Faith

Continuing the noble lineage, Shah Anwar UddinShah Shafi UddinShah Shulaiman UddinShah Irfan Uddin, and Shah Sofir Uddin dedicated their lives to the spread of Islamic teachings, spiritual reflection, and community development. They were the architects of our family’s faith-based legacy.

 

7. Shah Noor Uddin to Shah Jorif Uddin - Guardians of Tradition

These guardians of tradition, including Shah Noor Uddin and Shah Jorif Uddin, ensured that the values of the family were passed down from generation to generation. Their unwavering commitment to preserving the core beliefs of Islam ensured that the light of our ancestors continued to shine brightly.

 

8. Shah Shukur Uddin - The Noble Aristocrat of the British Era

Shah Shukur Uddin, born circa 1780, stands as a testament to resilience during colonial times. As a prominent figure in the era of the Permanent Settlement imposed by the British in 1793, Shah Shukur Uddin emerged as a Talukdar, one of the noble classes responsible for tax collection in British India. His strategic acumen, sense of responsibility, and deep-rooted leadership played a vital role in the socio-economic fabric of the region. 

 

9. Shah Moniur Uddin to Shah Fazil - The Keepers of the Flame

The names Shah Moniur Uddin and Shah Fazil represent the later generations who preserved the legacy of their ancestors, blending tradition with modernity. Their contributions were vital in upholding the family’s honour and continuing the spiritual teachings.

 

10. Shah Hajir Mohammad to Shah Mohammad Ashim - The Guardians of History

Shah Hajir Mohammad and Shah Mohammad Ashim, whose lineage reaches the heart of the 20th century, maintained the honour of the family through tumultuous times. Their wisdom and resilience ensured that the story of our ancestors remained intact for future generations.

 

11. Mohammad Akbar Ali - The Modern Patriarch

The patriarch of the modern era, Mohammad Akbar Ali, also known as Shah Muhammad Akbar Ali Qureshi (Kamaly), brought the family legacy into the 20th century, leaving a lasting mark through his leadership and commitment to community welfare. His passing in 1985 marked the end of an era, but his spirit and contributions remain etched in our hearts.

 

12. Muazzam Hussain and Mohammed Al-Hamim Hussein Kamaly - The Stewards of Today

Muazzam Hussain and Mohammed Al-Hamim Hussein Kamaly, the torchbearers of the current generation, continue to lead our family with honour, ensuring that the values and legacy of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA)Hazrat Shah Burhan Uddin (RA), and all our ancestors are upheld in modern times.

 

1. ⁠Shah Burhanuddin

   2. Shah Kamaluddin ibn Shah Burhanuddin

   3. Shah Jamaluddin ibn Shah Kamaluddin

   4. Shah Jahangiruddin ibn Shah Jamaluddin

   5. Shah Sulaimanuddin ibn Shah Jahangiruddin

   6. Shah Zaminuddin ibn Shah Sulaimanuddin

   7. Shah Razzakuddin ibn Shah Zaminuddin

   8. Shah Zamanuddin ibn Shah Razzakuddin

   9. Shah Jabiruddin ibn Shah Zamanuddin

  10.            Shah Amiruddin ibn Shah Jabiruddin

  11.            Shah Anwaruddin ibn Shah Amiruddin

  12.            Shah Shafiuddin ibn Shah Anwaruddin

  13.            Shah Sulaimanuddin II ibn Shah Shafiuddin

  14.            Shah Irfanuddin ibn Shah Sulaimanuddin II

  15.            Shah Sofiruddin ibn Shah Irfanuddin

  16.            Shah Nooruddin ibn Shah Sofiruddin

  17.            Shah Nizamuddin ibn Shah Nooruddin

  18.            Shah Zarifuddin ibn Shah Nizamuddin

  19.            Shah Shukuruddin ibn Shah Zarifuddin

  20.            Shah Moniuruddin ibn Shah Shukuruddin

  21.            Shah Fazil ibn Shah Moniuruddin

  22.            Shah Hajir Mohammad ibn Shah Fazil

  23.            Shah Mohammad Ashim ibn Shah Hajir Mohammad

  24.            Shah Mohammad Akbar Ali ibn Shah Mohammad Ashim

  25.            Shah Mohammad Muazzam Hussain Kamaly ibn Shah Mohammad Akbar Ali

  26.            Shah Mohammed Al-Hamim Hussein Kamaly ibn Shah Mohammad Muazzam Hussain Kamaly


A Legacy Beyond Time


From Hazrat Ismail (AS) to Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA), from Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) to the present day, the Nachab Nama stands as a testimony to the profound spiritual heritage of our family. It is not just a family tree; it is a living, breathing narrative of faith, courage, wisdom, and service. We are the custodians of this extraordinary lineage, and it is our duty to continue the legacy with the same reverence and devotion as our ancestors.

 

This remarkable lineage reflects not only the nobility of blood but the righteousness of action, the strength of faith, and the brilliance of character that has defined each generation. Our family tree is not merely a series of names but a powerful reminder of our responsibilities toward each other, our community, and the greater good of humanity.


The Heritage of Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA) and the Sacred Clans of Bagla Gushti, Shahji Gushti, and Mullah Gushti

 

The Nachab Nama, the sacred genealogy of Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA), reveals a fascinating tale of the distinguished branches of our family, each marked by its own unique history, legacy, and connection to the divine ancestry of the Prophet Ibrahim (AS). This genealogy traces the profound connections between Shah Zorif UddinShah Nijam Uddin, and their heirs, establishing the foundations of three prominent clans: Bagla GushtiShahji Gushti, and Mullah Gushti.

 

The Foundation of the Three Prominent Gushtis (Clans)

 

Shah Nijam Uddin – The Progenitor of Three Great Clans

 

Shah Nijam Uddin was the eighth paternal ancestor in this sacred lineage. He was the progenitor of three significant clans: Bagla GushtiShahji Gushti, and Mullah Gushti. His descendants became powerful pillars within their respective communities, establishing estates, feudal lands, and spiritual legacies that have endured for centuries.

 

Shah Zorif Uddin – The Founder of Bagla Gushti

 

Shah Zorif Uddin, the elder son of Shah Nijam Uddin, played an instrumental role in the formation of Bagla Gushti, a distinguished clan that would go on to influence both the spiritual and socio-political realms. Shah Zorif Uddin’s lineage can be traced to Shah Shukur Uddin, who became the founder of Bagla Gushti, passing down his divine wisdom and authority through generations. 

 

Shah Sharif Uddin – The Founder of Shahji Gushti

 

Shah Sharif Uddin, the second son of Shah Nijam Uddin, had two sons: Musi Mahmoud, also known as Shah Musi Uddin, who established Shahji Gushti, and Muzaffar Khan, or Shah Muzaffar Uddin, the founder of Mullah Gushti. Through their respective lineages, Shahji Gushti and Mullah Gushti continue to uphold the spiritual and historical legacy of Shah Kamal Uddin (RA) and his descendants.

 

Shahji Bari – The Historic Residence of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA)’s Descendants

 

Shahji Bari, the ancestral home of Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin's (RA) descendants, stands as a historical symbol of the enduring legacy of the Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) dynasty. Originally, the estate served as the residence of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA)’s descendants through his second son. Along with his Arab wife, Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) laid the foundation for this estate while living to the north of the Dargah. This marked the beginning of a significant chapter in the family’s history, establishing a centre for both administrative functions and learning, which later became a residence.

 

The couple had three children: two sons, including Shah Jamal Uddin, and a daughter, who was born at the residence within the Dargah complex.

 

Upon the death of Hazrat Shah Kamal’s eldest son, Shah Jalaluddin Qureshi, who passed away without heirs, the estate was inherited by the descendants of his second son, Shah Jamaluddin Qureshi, from his Arab wife. Over time, Shahji Bari continued to serve as the residence of Shah Jamal Uddin’s descendants, evolving into not only a familial home but also the spiritual heart of the Shahji Gushti clan.

 

This estate, rich in heritage and history, remains a cornerstone of the family’s enduring legacy, reflecting the profound influence of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) and his progeny in the region.

 

Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) and his Arab wife lived to the north of the Dargah, where they arrived with their family, including their elder son, Shah Jalaluddin Qureshi, and twelve disciples. All of Hazrat Shah Kamal’s (RA) children were born at this sacred location. After Hazrat Shah Kamal’s (RA) passing, his Arab wife’s descendants, and later their progeny, moved to Shahji Bari.

 

Historians claim that the Shahji Bari estate, once the site of the family’s spiritual gatherings and residential life, is strategically located between two important areas in Muazzamabad. To the south of the residence stood the Muazzamabad state treasury, a symbol of wealth and governance, while to the north was the house of the clan’s advisers, lawyers, judges, and chief justice. This architectural and socio-political design reinforced the profound influence and stature of the family.

The Other Side of History:

 

To the south stood the Administrator’s House, a place of great significance where land leases were granted and grain storage was maintained. This historic house was known as Baglar Bari (Bari meaning “house” in Bengali).

 

The name Bagla is derived from Barga, referring to the Barga Chasi—tenant farmers who cultivated paddy fields under a lease system. This reflects the region’s deep-rooted agrarian traditions, where land management and agricultural tenancy were vital to sustaining the local economy.

 

Baglar Bari was not only a centre of administrative authority but also a symbol of the landed aristocracy’s influence, ensuring the structured distribution of land and resources among the cultivating class.

 

Shahji Bari, located north of Baglar Bari, was the ancestral residence of the descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA)’s second son, Shah Jamaluddin Qureshi. To the north of Shahji’s house stood a residential area that housed students at an Islamic school, as well as the residence of scholars. This house, known as Mullar Bari, was home to a Mullah—a learned scholar in Islamic theology and sacred law. The term Mullah is an honorific title for Muslim clergy and mosque leaders.

 

A significant family division occurred in the late 18th century among the descendants of Shah Najim Uddin, the son of Shah Noor Uddin and grandson of Shah Sofir Uddin. Shah Sofir Uddin’s younger brother, Shah Shamsher Uddin, who was widely known by his appellation Shamsher Khan, was the last administrator of Muazzamabad, according to historians.

 

Shah Najim Uddin had three sons: the eldest, Shah Jorif Uddin; the second, Shah Sharif Uddin; and the youngest, Shah Arif Uddin, who remained childless. Shah Jorif Uddin had one son, Shah Shukur Uddin, whom he fathered later in life. Shah Sharif Uddin had two sons: Shah Musi Mahmoud and Shah Muzaffar Uddin.

 

Tragically, Shah Jorif Uddin passed away while his son, Shah Shukur Uddin, was still an infant. Seeking a fair inheritance, Shukur Uddin’s mother insisted that the land of Shah Jorif Uddin and Shah Sharif Uddin be divided equally, incorporating the share of the childless Shah Arif Uddin. This land was ancestral property passed down from Shah Sofir Uddin through Shah Noor Uddin.

 

However, Shah Sharif Uddin’s family proposed a different division—splitting the land into three portions: two shares for Shah Sharif Uddin’s sons and one for Shah Jorif Uddin’s son. Shah Shukur Uddin’s mother, a woman from the distinguished Chowdhury family of Dhirarai in Osmani Nagar, stood firm, advocating for an equal division between the two brothers, Shah Jorif Uddin and Shah Sharif Uddin. Her stance was ultimately accepted, leading to the final agreement: one share for Shah Shukur Uddin and another divided between Shah Musi Mahmoud and Shah Muzaffar Uddin.

 

Eventually, the two brothers, Shah Musi Mahmoud and Shah Muzaffar Uddin, separated. Shah Musi Mahmoud remained in Shahji’s house, while Shah Muzaffar Uddin’s share included Mullar’s house.

 

From these ancestral homes, three distinct family lineages emerged, each named after their respective residences: Baglar Gushti (from Baglar Bari), Shahjir Gushti (from Shahji Bari), and Muallah Gushti (from Mullar Bari).

The Division of the Shah’s Estate

 

Upon the death of Shah Jorif Uddin, father of Shah Shukur Uddin, before 1793, the Shah’s estate was divided into two distinct portions:

  1. The southern portion was inherited by Shah Shukur Uddin, the founder of Bagla Gushti, marking the formal establishment of his clan’s territory.

  2. The northern portion was inherited by Shah Musi Mahmoud, also known as Shah Musa Uddin, and his younger brother Shah Muzaffar Khan, who founded the Shahji Gushti and Mullah Gushti, respectively.

 

The southern portion of the estate, inherited by Shah Shukur Uddin, later became the heart of Bagla Gushti, while the northern portion was divided between the descendants of Shah Musi Uddin and Shah Muzaffar Uddin, whose heirs continued to uphold the legacy of Shahji Gushti and Mullah Gushti.

 

Mullah Gushti’s Land Acquisition

 

The Mullah Gushti, later led by the descendants of Shah Muzaffar Khan, expanded their estates through the acquisition of additional lands from the Sadardi Gushti. This acquisition was located to the north of the original estate, adjacent to their family property. The Mullah Gushti continued to hold their own, with the front of their house facing west, while the Shahji Gushti’s house faced the east, highlighting the unity and distinct identities of each of the clans.

 

Legacy of the Clans – Bagla Gushti, Shahji Gushti, and Mullah Gushti

 

The sacred Nachab Nama reveals not only the spiritual depth of our ancestors but also their contributions to the governance, social structure, and cultural preservation of their regions. The division of land and the establishment of the three Gushtis solidified the family’s influence, with each clan serving its own role in society:

 

•           The Bagla Gushti upheld the esteemed legacy of Shah Jorif Uddin and Shah Shukur Uddin, steadfastly preserving the family’s traditions in education and regional governance.

 

            •           The Shahji Gushti, under the leadership of Musi Mahmoud, expanded into a prominent lineage, with their residence in the southern part of the Shahji estate signifying the family’s continued evolution.

 

            •           The Mullah Gushti, founded by Shah Muzaffar Khan, carved out a distinct regional presence, making enduring contributions to cultural and social affairs.

 

Each of these clans holds the memory of their ancestral patriarchs with honour, continuing to safeguard the rich heritage that traces its lineage back to Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA).

 

Conclusion – A Legacy of Faith, Leadership, and Unity

 

The Nachab Nama is not just a record of lineage; it is a testament to the spiritual and social greatness of our ancestors. From the founding of the Bagla GushtiShahji Gushti, and Mullah Gushti to the architectural marvels and socio-political structures they created, our family’s legacy is one of unwavering faith, resilience, and unity.

 

As descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA), we continue to draw inspiration from the sacrifices and wisdom of our forefathers, ensuring that their teachings and leadership continue to guide us as we move forward, embracing the path of righteousness and divine wisdom.



The Rich Legacy of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) and the Sacred History of Shaharpara

 

The oral transmission of the esteemed descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) continues to reveal the profound connection between the sacred ancestry and the land of Shaharpara. These stories reflect not only the historical significance of the family but also the spiritual and cultural heritage that has shaped the region for centuries. Central to this history is the sacred land of Shaharpara, with its iconic Dighi (reservoir) and the legendary clans that arose from the descendants of Shah Jamaluddin Qureshi, the second son of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA).

 

The Dighi – A Symbol of Legacy and Unity

 

The foundations of both Shahji Bari and Baglar Bari were built using soil from a Dighi (reservoir) that Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) had commissioned on the eastern side of both estates. Excavated in the fourteenth century, this reservoir—the largest in the region—was intended to provide a pure and reliable water source for the local community, reflecting Hazrat Shah Kamal’s (RA) unwavering dedication to public welfare. It remains a lasting testament to his vision for the health and prosperity of the people.

 

Over time, the reservoir fell into neglect, its banks eroded, and it gradually transformed into a floating market. Merchants from distant lands navigated their boats to its waters, turning it into a vibrant hub of barter trade. Once a symbol of communal well-being, it evolved into a bustling economic centre, drawing traders from surrounding regions.

 

This floating market came to be known as Boro Bazar, the largest commodity exchange market in the area, flourishing until the 1930s. As its significance waned, the once-thriving marketplace gave way to change. The reservoir was eventually divided into two separate ponds—one serving Baglar Bari and the other Shahji Bari. In the years that followed, a government-constructed road cut through the heart of the former reservoir, permanently reshaping its landscape and marking the end of the historic floating market that had once been a lifeline of trade and exchange.

 

Despite these transformations, the legacy of the fourteenth-century reservoir endures. As the largest water body in the region, it played a pivotal role in sustaining life and fostering settlement in Shaharpara. Though its waters once teemed with merchants and traders and its banks echoed with the sounds of commerce, its essence remains embedded in the history of the land. The newly built road, now linking the area directly to the Dargah of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA), stands as a reminder of his profound impact. Even as the physical landscape evolved, the reservoir’s legacy remains an enduring symbol of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah’s (RA) vision and unwavering commitment to the well-being of his people.

The Six Clans of Shaharpara: A Noble Lineage**

 

The descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) are believed to have spread their faith far and wide. One of the most significant legacies of the second son, Shah Jamaluddin Qureshi, is the establishment of the Six Clans of Shaharpara. These clans, according to family lore, trace their origins back to the early Permanent Settlement of Shaharpara Taluk during the reign of Charles Cornwallis, the 1st Marquess of Cornwallis, in 1793.

 

These six clans are:

 

  1. Bagla Gushti – Founded by Shah Shukur Uddin, the only son of Shah Jorif Uddin.

  2. Shahji Gushti – Founded by Musi Mahmud.

  3. Mullah Gushti – Founded by Muzaffar Khan.

  4. Sadardi Gushti – Founded by Sadar Uddin.

  5. Sheikhbadi Gushti – Founded by Baha Uddin.

  6. Sheikh Farid Gushti – Founded by Farid Uddin.

 

These clans, originating from Shah Jamaluddin Qureshi, played an essential role in shaping the spiritual and socio-political landscape of Shaharpara. While the early population was modest, numbering around 40-50 people at the time of the Permanent Settlement, the family’s influence has grown over the centuries, with over 1,000 descendants now living in Shaharpara and London as of 2024

 

The Six Clans of Shaharpara are known for their strong familial ties, often practising cousin marriages to strengthen their clan bonds and expand their influence. These marriages were not just cultural traditions but also strategies to maintain power and unity within the community. Over two centuries, the Shaharpara family has flourished, with its descendants becoming a dominant force in the region.

 

Evangelisation and the Spread of Islam

 

The descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) are also renowned for their missionary zeal. They were tasked with spreading Islam in the region, calling people to accept the faith proclaimed by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Many of the descendants, including those from Shaharpara, ventured far and wide to evangelise, perhaps even travelling to distant places in Greater SylhetAssam, or across the border, where they established their presence and spread the message of Islam.

 

It is believed that the Shaharpara family maintained contact with their extended relatives for several generations, but due to the passage of time, this communication was eventually lost. Despite this, the enduring legacy of the family’s devotion to Islam remains strong, with the Shaharpara clan continuing to be a symbol of faith and unity. 

The Sacred Mosques of Shaharpara

 

The legacy of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) is further cemented through the mosques and Eidgah grounds that serve the community of Shaharpara. The first mosque was built by Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) himself and later rebuilt during the reign of the Mughal Empire. This historic mosque served as a central place of worship for the people of Shaharpara for over six centuries.

 

After 1993, the original mosque was demolished, and a new two-storied mosque was constructed, expanding the mosque grounds and ensuring that the community had the space to accommodate the growing number of worshippers.

 

In addition to the original mosque, Shaharpara is home to several other mosques. Among them are:

One mosque in Mirpur Mauza was built alongside the madrasa of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA).

 

Mosques in Greater Shaharpara, including West TilakLalar ChowkManiharaNurainpur, and Muftir Chowk, bring the total number of mosques to nine.

 

A Legacy of Spiritual Leadership

 

The legacy of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) and his descendants in Shaharpara continues to inspire generations. The community’s unwavering faith, commitment to Islam, and sense of unity have helped preserve the spiritual heritage that began centuries ago. The founding of the six clans, the sacred Dighi, and the mosques stand as a testament to their enduring influence.

 

As Shaharpara continues to thrive, we pray that Allah (SWT) showers His divine mercy and blesses the region with peace, prosperity, and spiritual enlightenment, ensuring that the legacy of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) endures for many generations to come. Ameen.

Historical Context of Shaharpara and the Legacy of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA)

 

The region of Shaharpara has witnessed significant natural and socio-political events over the centuries, including devastating floods, famines, and earthquakes. These events shaped the history and culture of the land and had lasting impacts on the families and communities that called it home. Among these communities, the descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) played a vital role in preserving the spiritual heritage of the region, particularly the Khadim Gushti, the family of Shah Muazzamuddin Qureshi, and their significant contributions to Shaharpara.

 

The Great Bengal Famine and Floods in the Sylhet Region

 

In 1781, a devastating flood struck the Sylhet region, wiping out crops and leading to widespread destruction. This was one of the many challenges faced by the region in the backdrop of natural disasters and social unrest.

 

Furthermore, the Great Bengal Famine of 1770 struck Bengal and Bihar, resulting in the deaths of around 10 million people out of an estimated 30 million affected. This calamity occurred under the Dual Government arrangement, which was an arrangement between the British East India Company (EIC) and the Mughal rulers. Historians have strongly criticized the management of Bengal under this system, particularly the EIC’s responsibility for exacerbating the famine. The company's military and economic control, combined with heavy taxation, caused widespread suffering.

 

The natural disasters of the time — including floods and famine — and the economic hardships caused by British policies left an indelible mark on the region’s people and communities. Shaharpara, like many other areas, likely experienced significant devastation. However, the spiritual fortitude of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA)and his descendants provided strength to the local community during such trying times.

 

The Earthquakes of Assam and Sylhet

 

The region surrounding Sylhet is earthquake-prone, a fact well-known to those who have lived in the area throughout history. One notable event in the history of the region is the 1897 Assam earthquake, which occurred on 12 June 1897, with an estimated magnitude of 8.2–8.3. The earthquake caused extensive damage in the Sylhet region as well as in other parts of British India.

 

In the pre-Sultanic era and during British ruleearthquakes likely caused considerable structural damage, including to the mosques and homes in Shaharpara. Unfortunately, records from earlier periods, such as during the Bengal Sultanate or British Raj, do not adequately capture the extent of this destruction, leaving much of the damage undocumented. It is reasonable to assume, however, that the Shaharpara mosque and the homes of its residents suffered significant damage from these natural disasters.

Shah Muazzamuddin Qureshi: The Legacy of the Khadim Gushti

 

Shah Muazzamuddin Qureshi, the youngest son of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), holds a significant place in the spiritual history of Shaharpara. He is the founder of the Khadim Gushti (also known as Khadmor Gushti), a revered clan with a rich legacy.

 

Shah Muazzamuddin Qureshi’s family originally resided in the northern house of the Dargah (the sacred shrine of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA)), referred to as the authentic Khadmor's house. Later, they moved to the present-day Khadmor's house located to the south of the Dargah.

 

His mother was a local Hindu woman who converted to Islam under the guidance of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA). This conversion symbolizes the deep spiritual influence of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), who brought many people to Islam during his time in the region.

 

After his second marriage, Shah Muazzamuddin Qureshi continued to play a central role in the community, particularly as a Khadim (servant or caretaker) of the tomb of his father, Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA). The Khadim Gushti became an important clan within the Shaharpara region, carrying on the work and mission of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA).

 

Shah Muazzamuddin Qureshi had a relatively small descendant population compared to other clans, with 60 to 65 people in the Khadim Gushti from around 1355 to 2024. Unlike other clans that expanded into sub-clans over time, the Khadim Gushti remained undivided, preserving its unity and strength.

 

Shaharpara's Population Dynamics and Clan Structure

 

The population dynamics of Shaharpara over the centuries reflect the growth and consolidation of the descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA). By 1793, the descendants of Shah Jamaluddin Qureshi, the second son of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), had formed six distinct clans, with an average family size of eight members per clan, totalling 48 members across the six families.

 

These clans, known as the Six Clans of Shaharpara, include:

Sadardi Gushti (founded by Sadar Uddin)

Sheikhbadi Gushti (founded by Sheikh Baha Uddin)

Sheikh Farid Gushti (founded by Sheikh Farid Uddin)

Bagla Gushti (founded by Shah Shukur Uddin)

Mullah Gushti (founded by Muzaffar Khan)

Shahji Gushti (founded by Musi Mahmud)

 

These families have grown considerably over the centuries. As of 2024, the Khadim Gushti consists of around 70 to 80 people, maintaining their spiritual role as caretakers of the Dargah and upholding the teachings of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA).

 

The names of the founders of the aforementioned clans were recorded in the Taluk registration during the Permanent Settlement of 1793, implemented under Lord Cornwallis. However, an exception was Shah Shukur Uddin, whose Taluk was not registered in his name. Instead, it was fraudulently recorded under two brothers, Wujai and Dusai, who had been his servants. Through forgery, they unlawfully claimed the heirland of Shah Shukur Uddin and registered the Taluk under the name Wez Mohammad Dost, Mahal No. 23879/61.

 

            1.         Mahal No. 23876/58, Taluk Sadardi (Sadar Uddin), was registered under the Sadardi Gushti.

            2.         Mahal No. 23877/59, Taluk Sheikhbadi (Baha Uddin), was registered under the Sheikhbadi Gushti.

            3.         Mahal No. 23878/60, Taluk Sheikh Farid, was registered under the Sheikh Farid Gushti.

            4.         Mahal No. 23879/61, Taluk Wez Mohammad Dost, was a taluk fraudulently acquired in 1793 during the Permanent Settlement under Lord Cornwallis. It originally belonged to Shah Shukur Uddin, the founder of Baglar Gushti and the only son of Shah Jorif Uddin. However, two brothers, Wujai and Dusai, who were servants of Shah Shukur Uddinunlawfully usurped the estate. By falsely representing themselves as a single individual, they registered the taluk under the name Wez Mohammad Dost. Given that Shah Shukur Uddin was likely a teenager or pre-teen at the time, they exploited his youth to seize control of his rightful inheritance. The Shalish village court, a traditional judicial system, ruled in favour of Shah Shukur Uddin. As a result, 25% of his land was restored to his heirs. A hypothetical estimation of the land suggests that fourteen hundred Kiyars—a traditional village unit of measurement, where one Kiyar is equivalent to 30 decimals—would amount to approximately 420 acres.

            5.         Mahal No. 23880/62, Taluk Muzaffar Khan, was registered under the Mullar Gushti.

            6.         Mahal No. 23881/63, Taluk Musi Mahmood, was registered under the Shahjir Gushti.

 

Like his paternal cousins, Muzaffar Khan and Musi Mahmoud, Shah Shukur Uddin was also related to Sadar Uddin as a distant paternal cousin. Similarly, Sheikh Bahar Uddin and Sheikh Farid Uddin, who were brothers, were also distant paternal cousins of Shah Shukur Uddin.

Their lineage traces back to Shah Jamal Uddin Qureshi, the second son of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA), ensuring a shared ancestral heritage among these noble families.


This common ancestry not only binds these families together through their bloodline but also reflects the enduring legacy of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) and the influence of his descendants on the region’s spiritual, social, and political spheres. Despite the varying branches of the family tree, their shared heritage highlights the interconnectedness of these distinguished families, all of whom played significant roles in the history of Muazzamabad and beyond.

Shaharpara: A Spiritual and Cultural Heritage

 

Shaharpara remains a centre of spiritual significance, especially for the descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA). The community’s strong familial bonds, commitment to Islam, and continued dedication to preserving their sacred history serve as a testament to the enduring influence of their spiritual leader.

 

Despite the hardships caused by floodsfamines, and earthquakes, the community of Shaharpara has remained resilient. The Khadim Gushti, led by the descendants of Shah Muazzamuddin Qureshi, is an essential part of this heritage. As the caretakers of the Dargah, they have preserved the legacy of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) for over seven centuries, ensuring that the teachings and example of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) continue to inspire future generations.

 

Kendriya Muslim Sahitya Sangsad (Sylhet Central Muslim Literary Society) is a renowned literary organization located in Sylhet, Bangladesh. It is one of the oldest organisations of its kind in the Indian subcontinent and the oldest in Bangladesh. Founded on September 16, 1936, by Muhammad Nurul Haque, the organisation houses the largest non-governmental collection of books, magazines, inscriptions, and other historical documents, some dating back to the 13th century AD. Among its past presidents are many distinguished writers, critics, and poets from Sylhet, including Syed Mujtaba Ali, Dewan Mohammad Azraf, and Dilwar Khan.

 

According to information provided by the residents of Shaharpara and Patli, descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), the Sylhet-Collection Central Muslim Literary Society was established in the year 1364 Bangla (Muharram 1377 Hijri), during the period of July to December 1957 AD. The distributors of this information included Shah Mohammad Akbar Ali Qureshi (Kamaly), Shah Abdur Rouf Qureshi (Kamali), Shah Atiqul Haque Kamaly, Abdus Samad Qureshi (Kamaly), Misbah Uddin Qureshi (Kamaly), Waris Uddin Qureshi (Kamali), and Abdul Majid Qureshi (Kamaly) from Shaharpara and Patli. Abdul Majid Qureshi, commonly known as Shah Abdul Majid Qureshi, is also sometimes recorded by historians as Syed Abdul Majid Qureshi.

 

The beloved only daughter of Hazrat Shah Kamal-ud-Din (RA) was married in the city of Sylhet. The Mufti family of Sylhet claims descent from Hazrat Shah Kamal-ud-Din (RA). Descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal-ud-Din (RA) also lived in Kurikiar. The residents of Shaharpara and Patli affirm that they are descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal-ud-Din (RA), who was the nephew of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA). This maternal relationship between Hazrat Shah Kamal-ud-Din (RA) and Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) was notably close. Hazrat Khwaja Burhanuddin Ketan (RA), the father of Hazrat Shah Kamal-ud-Din (RA), was the brother-in-law and companion of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA).

 

Hazrat Khwaja Burhanuddin Ketan (RA) was with Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) at the outset of his journey to Sylhet, where he served as his commander. In 1384 AD, Hazrat Shah Jalal Yemeni (RA) conquered Sylhet with Hazrat Shah Burhanuddin (RA) as his commander. In 1385 AD, Hazrat Fakir Shah Kamal-ud-Din (RA) arrived in Sylhet in search of his father, Hazrat Shah Burhanuddin (RA). Historical records mention that Hazrat Shah Jalal Yemeni (RA) arrived in Sylhet in 1303 AD, and Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) came to Sylhet in 1313 AD with his Arab wife and nine disciples, later settling in Shaharpara in 1315 AD.

 

When Hazrat Shah Jalal Yemeni (RA) embarked on his mission to spread Islam, he was accompanied by nine disciples, including Hazrat Shah Burhanuddin (RA), the father of Hazrat Shah Kamal-ud-Din (RA). The tomb (Rawaza) of Hazrat Shah Burhanuddin (RA) is located in Faringa Jura, Sylhet, with another shrine in Katalganj, Chittagong. Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah, a descendant of Hazrat Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq (RA), the first Caliph of Islam, was also a direct descendant of the Quraish dynasty. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr
Hazrat Pir Shah Kamal (RA) was born in the Arabian Peninsula (Yemen) and was a descendant of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA), the first Caliph of Islam. There is also a tradition that mentions his birthplace as Makkah. Regardless of the specifics, both historical perspectives agree that he was a descendant of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA).

Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) came to Sylhet, took discipleship under Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA), and later moved to Shaharpara with his Arab wife and nine followers. The area is said to have had seven doors (Satduari) or nine doors (Noduari) constructed at the Dargah (shrine).

Satduwari (Seven Doors) was built in the late medieval period by Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) as a site for prayer altars where his disciples meditated for eternal salvation. 


It features a unique design resembling a grave, similar to the layout of Muslim graves, where the head faces north and the feet face south. Disciples would sit or lie down in this manner, with the entrances through the south and north sealed. It is akin to a modern-day MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scanner, where the patient’s head faces the end of the machine. However, it is now known as Seven Doors, with only five doors remaining, while two doors sank into the ground during the historical earthquake of June 1897.


The name "Shaharpara" derives from Hazrat Shah Kamal's (RA) first name, "Shah," and the term "para", meaning neighbourhood, a reference to the footprints of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA). Some believe that Shaharpara originated from the residence of Shah Kamal, while others assert it came from the royal court or neighbourhood. This settlement was located on the banks of the Ratna River, not far from Sylhet.

 

Upon reaching Shaharpara in the Sunamganj subdivision, Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) established it as a central hub for the propagation of Tawhid, the core concept of Islam. Tawhid represents the indivisible oneness of Allah (SWT) and forms the foundation of the Muslim faith. To declare belief in Tawhid is central to the Shahada (Islamic declaration of faith), where the first part asserts the belief in the oneness of Allah (SWT). Any attribution of divinity to anything other than Allah is considered shirk—an unforgivable sin unless repentance is sought.

 

On the orders of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA), Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), accompanied by his wife and nine disciples, ventured to Shaharpara to spread Islam. This area was predominantly non-Muslim at the time, and Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) chose it as the centre for the dissemination of Islam in the Sunamganj subdivision.

 

Sunamganj and Habiganj became predominantly Muslim due to the efforts of Hazrat Fakir Shah Kamaluddin (RA) and his descendants. The descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) were the first to engage in religious education and the propagation of Islam in the region. However, after four or five generations of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA), the descendants shifted their focus, and religious preaching became more commercialized.

 

Pir and Murid:

The path of Sufism begins when a student takes an oath of allegiance with a teacher, known as Bai'at or Bay'ah (Arabic for "transaction"), where the student pledges loyalty to their Pir and repents for all previous sins. After this oath, the student is called a Murid (meaning "committed one" in Arabic). From that moment, the Murid begins their batin (esoteric) journey, focusing on spiritual growth under the guidance of the Pir.

 

The Central Muslim Sahitya Sangsad has noted that the family of Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA) does not exhibit the same pride or claim familial status as other Sufi or Auliya (saintly) families. They do not focus on maintaining a sense of tribal or familial authenticity and are not concerned with family pride. Instead, they respect all kinds of work and do not show prejudice against people of different backgrounds.

 

The three sons of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) lived with him in Shaharpara for the remainder of their lives. All three passed away in the village, and their tombs are located in Shaharpara. These sons were Shah Jalaluddin, also known as Boro Miyah; Shah Muazzamuddin, also known as Mayazla Miyah; and Shah Jamaluddin, also known as Chhoto Miyah. Shah Jalaluddin, the eldest son, was childless. The descendants of his second son, Shah Muazzamuddin, currently live in Shaharpara, Kurikiar, and Patli, particularly in an area known as "Qureshi Bari." The descendants of Shah Jamaluddin, the youngest son of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), live around the Dargah (shrine) of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), and their primary residence is known as Khadim Bari or Khadmor Bari. Their clan is referred to as Khadim Gushti or Khadmor Gushti.

According to the Nachab Nama (meaning "lineage book" in Arabic), Hazrat Shah Kamaluddin’s eldest son, Shah Jalaluddin (Baro Miyah), was childless. The second son, Shah Jamaluddin (Mayazla Miyah), and his descendants are currently living in Shaharpara, Kurikiar, and Patli (specifically in the Qureshi Bari). The youngest son, Shah Muazzamuddin (Chhoto Miyah), is the ancestor of the families living around the Dargah of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), and their primary residence is known as Khadim Bari or Khadmor Bari. Their clan is called Khadim Gushti or Khadmor Gushti.
 

Urs Mubarak:

The Urs Mubarak (annual festival commemorating the death anniversary of a Sufi saint, typically held at the saint’s Dargah) of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) was an event that attracted people from all walks of life and surrounding districts. The Urs falls on the 11th Falgun in the Bengali calendar, equivalent to February 24 in the Gregorian calendar, and it lasts for three days. The festival was traditionally organised with Fateha Khani (prayers for the deceased in the name of Allah (SWT), the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful), Quran recitations, Dhikr, Hamd-O-Naat, Islamic speeches, and prayers. However, in recent years, the Urs has been discontinued due to inappropriate behaviours during dance and song performances. The descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamaluddin (RA) are known as Qureshi and Kamaly.

 

The Nine Companions:

Nine companions of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) stayed in Shaharpara for some time. Under the direction of Hazrat Shah Kamaluddin (RA), these disciples travelled to various places in Sylhet to spread Islam, and all succeeded in establishing monotheism in their respective areas. After completing their mission, they were instructed to marry local women and settle with their families in a status similar to landlords. Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) also granted land to his disciples, enabling them to continue religious education in East Bengal, particularly in Greater Sylhet and parts of Assam.

 

These companions sacrificed their lives for the cause of Da'wah (the invitation to Islam) and Tawhid (the campaign for monotheism). Their tombs still stand in the villages where they lived, serving as lasting symbols of the Islam that was introduced to Sylhet. Some of their Urs Mubarak celebrations are still observed, and many villages are named after them. Their families continue to be respected for their noble deeds, prioritising religious education over superstitious beliefs. These areas are known for housing many religious institutions side by side, and the emphasis on education remains strong in those regions.

 

The "Seven Doors" (Satduari) or "Nine Doors" (Noduari), commonly known as Satduwari, are variations of a medieval religious space where the disciples of Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA) meditated in their quest for eternal salvation. These prayer spaces, originally created for sitting prayers and dhikr (remembrance of Allah (SWT)), were places where Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) and his disciples sought refuge and connection with Allah (Subhanahu wa ta’ala). Dhikr (Arabic: "to remind oneself" or "to mention"), also spelt zikr, is a ritual prayer or litany practised by Muslim mystics (Sufis) to glorify God and attain spiritual perfection.

 

The medieval prayer spaces built during the time of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) were positioned north and south, with structures designed for sitting and lying down to meditate. These spaces were historically constructed to resemble tombs, and their positioning symbolized the traditional burial practice: when a Muslim dies, the body is laid with the feet pointing south and the head pointing north, toward the Kaaba in Mecca. This alignment, known as Uttarserana, is said to symbolize the sacred direction.

 

An intriguing aspect of Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin's (RA) shrine includes the "mother stone" located in the northeast corner of the complex. It is believed that this stone grew in size and, over time, was relocated to the Dighi (a local reservoir). Some claim that the stone "gave birth" to smaller stones, which continued to grow larger each day. The phenomenon of the growing stone ceased in the 1980s, following an incident when someone pushed the stone into the Maqam Pond. This individual, named Mosaddar Ali (also known as Mosaddar Molla), was said to have experienced extreme physical distress, vomiting blood periodically until his eventual death. Mosaddar Ali had grown up in the house of Mufti Chawk "Shahjirbari" and was a student of Asab Miah Hafiz Sahib.

 

Currently, only five of the original doors remain, while the others have either been submerged or gone underground due to natural calamities. One version of the story suggests that some of the disciples, revered for their piety and spiritual practices, chose to meditate so deeply that they and the doors vanished underground. Another narrative suggests that the saints' meditation led them to become invisible or to be absorbed underground through the power of their devotion.

 

Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin’s family originally resided in Patkura but later moved to Noagaon in Shaharpara. Hafiz Sahib, who had memorised the entire Qur'an, also relocated with his family to their new home in West Tilak, south of the football field. The “black birthstone” is said to have produced seven permanent offspring, each ranging in size from one to seven. The smaller stones were brighter than the mother stones. It was also common for local children to place similar stones near the seven permanent children as an offering or tribute.

 

Interestingly, the stones’ colour and the phenomenon of the disappearing "mother stone" seemed to follow a peculiar cycle. As the large stone reached a certain size, it would disappear at night, only to reappear in a new form, and this cycle continued for many years. However, no one in the village ever witnessed the exact moment of disappearance or transformation, and the stone's form remained elusive. In the 1980s, after the Maqam Pond was drained for renovation, the mother stone was found and placed in its original position, but the heirloom stones were never recovered. Afterwards, the stone was encased in a concrete base and surrounded by a foot-high mesh wall. Yet, in a mysterious event, the stone broke through this barrier and followed the eastern direction towards the Maqam Pond, leading some to speculate that the stone may have been levitated.

 

Before the mother stone ceased "giving birth" in the 1980s, it was an extraordinary phenomenon. The stones were believed to receive the first milk from the farmer's cow after she gave birth to her first calf, symbolizing a miraculous connection between the stone and the agricultural community. This motherstone had been giving birth to stone "babies" for centuries, but after the incident of it being pushed into the Maqam Pond, the phenomenon stopped permanently.

 

Additionally, a stone located just northeast of the mother stone was used by Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) to give the Azaan (call to prayer). It is said that Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) also used this stone as a prayer mat, especially during the flood season, when he would carry it with him while travelling in a boat. The stone bore footprints and handprints, adding to its significance. For nearly seven centuries, it served this sacred purpose and faced west toward the Holy Kaaba. However, after almost four decades, it was cemented in the same manner as a tomb, solidifying its revered status as a symbol of Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin’s legacy.

 

These stones, along with the enduring presence of Hazrat Shah Kamal’s shrine, continue to be a part of the rich spiritual and cultural heritage of the region, carrying stories of faith, miraculous events, and devotion passed down through generations.

 

The genealogical and historical connections surrounding Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA) and his disciples reveal intricate relationships that have been passed down through oral traditions and recorded by sources like the Sylhet Central Muslim Literary Society in 1957. According to these sources, Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA) was a key figure in the spiritual and religious landscape of the region, with his connections to other revered Sufi figures being both familial and spiritual.

Genealogy and Relationships:

1. Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA) and Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA):  

   

According to the descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) was the maternal uncle of Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin

(RA), with Hazrat Shah Kamal’s mother being the elder sister of Hazrat Shah Jalal's mother. This would place Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) as the nephew of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA). According to this tradition, Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA) was born in 1291 AD, and his mother, who was over sixty at the time of his birth, had an elder daughter who would have been older than him. The maternal connection between Hazrat Shah Jalal and Hazrat Shah Kamal is significant, as Hazrat Shah Jalal's maternal lineage plays a key role in their spiritual connection.

 

2. Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA) and Hazrat Syed Shah Shamsuddin (RA) and Hazrat Syed Shah Tajuddin (RA):  

   

The descendants also note that Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA) was the maternal uncle of Hazrat Syed Shah Shamsuddin (RA) of Syedpur and Hazrat Syed Shah Tajuddin (RA) of Tajpur. This places Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA) in a significant familial and spiritual lineage within the Sufi tradition of the region. The names of their brothers, Hazrat Syed Shah Baharuddin (RA) and Hazrat Syed Shah Ruknuddin (RA), who were disciples of Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA), are also mentioned. These figures were central to the spread of Islam in Sylhet and were directly involved in the establishment of religious practices in the region.

 

3. Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA)'s Early Life:  

   

Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) was born in the early 1230s and faced considerable hardship in his early life. His mother died when he was only three months old, and his father passed away when he was just five years old. Following these early losses, Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) was raised by his maternal uncle, Hazrat Syed Ahmad Kabir (RA), who was the son of Hazrat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari (RA). Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) is believed to have been born in 1271 AD, which aligns with the historical sources that describe his early years and his eventual meeting with Hazrat Khwaja Gharib Nawaz Syed Moinuddin Hasan Chishti (RA), though this meeting is said to have occurred during Hazrat Shah Jalal’s childhood.

 

The Disciples of Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA):

Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA) had numerous disciples, some of whom became prominent figures in spreading Islam in the region. Here is a list of the nine primary disciples according to the tradition:

 

1. Hazrat Shah Shamsuddin (RA) – Syedpur  

2. Hazrat Shah Tajuddin (RA) – Tajpur  

3. Hazrat Shah Bahauddin (RA) – Daudpur  

4. Hazrat Shah Jalaluddin (RA) – Qusipur or Quskipur 

5. Hazrat Shah Ruknuddin (RA) – Kadamhata  

6. Hazrat Shah Ziauddin (RA) – Bhadeshwar  

7. Hazrat Kala Manik (RA) – Manihara  

8. Hazrat Shah Kallu (RA) – Chandbharang  

9. Hazrat Shah Shamsuddin (RA) – Aatghar

 

Another list from historical sources presents twelve of Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA)’s disciples, including figures like:

 

1. Hazrat Pir Kallu Shah (RA) – Pirergaon  

2. Hazrat Shah Chand (RA) – Chandbharang  

3. Hazrat Dawar Bakhsh Khatib (RA) – Dawarshahi or Dawarai  

4. Hazrat Syed Zia Uddin (RA) – Mukan Bazaar (also spelt Maqam Bazar)  

5. Hazrat Shahamsuddin Bihari (RA) – Aatghar  

6. Hazrat Shah Faizullah (RA) – Feizi or Fesi  

7. Hazrat Shah Jalaluddin (RA) – Qusipur or Quskipur 

8. Hazrat Shah Tajuddin (RA) – Tajpur  

9. Hazrat Syed Baharuddin (RA) – South Bhadeshwar Kura River near Maqambazar  

10. Hazrat Shah Ruknuddin (RA) – Kadamhata  

11. Hazrat Syed Shamsuddin (RA) – Syedpur  

12. Hazrat Shah Manik (RA) – Manihara

 

These disciples played critical roles in spreading the teachings of Islam and Sufism throughout the region, helping to establish a deep spiritual foundation for the local Muslim community.


The Disciples of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA): A Legacy of Spiritual Mastery

 

The disciples of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) stand as pillars of divine wisdom and spiritual excellence, leaving behind a legacy of faith, miracles, and unwavering devotion to Almighty Allah (SWT), the Master of the Universe and Sustainer of all. These revered figures, each profoundly connected to Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA), not only shaped the spiritual landscape of their time but also passed down their teachings through their descendants. Apart from three—Hazrat Shah Faiz Ullah (RA), Hazrat Syed Shah Bahauddin (RA), and Hazrat Shah Manik (RA)—whose lineages have not continued, the following are the disciples whose spiritual essence lives on through their progeny. In this version, Hazrat Dilwar Bakhsh Khattab (RA) is included in place of Hazrat Syed Zia Uddin (RA).

 

1. Hazrat Pir Kallu Shah (RA) – A deeply revered figure from Pirergaon, Hazrat Pir Kallu Shah (RA)’s descendants are still found in Sahib Bari, continuing the legacy of his son, Hazrat Shah Chand (RA), in Pirergaon. Hazrat Pir Kallu Shah (RA) ultimately returned to his ancestral homeland in Azimabad, Pataliputra (Bihar), where his tomb now rests, a symbol of his enduring influence.

 

2. Hazrat Shah Chand (RA) – The son of Hazrat Pir Kallu Shah (RA), Hazrat Shah Chand (RA)'s descendants, known as the Shah or Chowdhury family of Chand Bharang in Bishwanath, uphold his spiritual legacy with profound devotion and reverence.

 

3. Hazrat Dawar Bakhsh Khattab (RA) – A revered figure, Hazrat Dawar Bakhsh Khattab (RA) hails from Dawarai in Jagannathpur. His descendants, the esteemed Khan family of Dawarai, continue to honour his legacy and spiritual contributions.

 

4. Hazrat Dilwar Bakhsh Khattab (RA) – The younger brother of Hazrat Dawar Bakhsh Khattab (RA), Hazrat Dilwar Bakhsh (RA) also hailed from Dawarai. His lineage, the Khan family of Dawarai, carries on his name, reverence, and spiritual influence.

 

5. Hazrat Shaikh Shamsuddin Bihari (RA) – A revered Sufi from Aatghar in Bishwanath, Hazrat Shaikh Shamsuddin Bihari (RA)’s descendants, the Khan family of Aatghar, continue to honour his profound spiritual journey, keeping his teachings alive in their hearts.

 

6. Hazrat Shah Faiz Ullah (RA) – Hailing from Fesi in Jagannathpur, Hazrat Shah Faiz Ullah (RA)'s descendants remain largely unknown, but his spiritual legacy continues to inspire and resonate within the hearts of his followers.

 

7. Hazrat Shah Jalaluddin (RA) – Known for his extraordinary miracles, Hazrat Shah Jalaluddin (RA) resided in Kuskipur, Osmani Nagar. His descendants, the Shah family of Kuskipur, maintain his teachings and pass on his spiritual gifts to future generations.

 

8. Hazrat Syed Shah Tajuddin (RA) – A distinguished Sufi from Orompur in Osmani Nagar, Hazrat Syed Shah Tajuddin (RA)’s descendants, the Sayyid family of Orompur, have inherited his sacred teachings. His resting place in Lama Tajpur and his death in Gauharpur have become revered sites for those seeking spiritual guidance.

 

9. Hazrat Syed Shah Bahauddin (RA) – A revered figure, Hazrat Syed Shah Bahauddin (RA) resided in Bhadeshwar, Golapganj. While the records of his descendants remain unclear, his spiritual influence continues to resonate deeply, living on in the hearts of his devoted followers.

 

10. Hazrat Syed Shah Ruknuddin (RA) – Hazrat Syed Shah Ruknuddin (RA), residing in Kadamhata, Maulvi Bazar, was the ancestor of Syed Shah Nur, the renowned poet and mystic. The Sayyid family of Kadamhati continues his legacy, with Syed Shah Nur's miraculous feat of crossing dry land on a boat in Syedpur becoming an iconic tale in the region.

 

11. Hazrat Syed Shah Shamsuddin (RA) – The youngest nephew of Hazrat Shah Kamal
Quhafah (RA), Hazrat Syed Shamsuddin played a pivotal role in establishing Syedpur in Jagannathpur. His descendants, known as the Sayyid family of Syedpur, continue to preserve his spiritual contributions and teachings, ensuring his legacy thrives.

12. Hazrat Shah Manik (RA) – Known as Hazrat Shah Kala Manik (RA) from Mani Hara in Shaharpara, Hazrat Shah Manik (RA) did not have descendants, but his spiritual influence endures through the stories and legends of his miraculous life.

 

Hazrat Syed Alauddin (RA) arrived in Sylhet alongside Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) and played an integral role in the conquest of Sylhet in 1303 AD. He was a companion and disciple of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) and, by relation, his nephew-in-law through Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA)’s sister’s lineage. Hazrat Syed Alauddin (RA) was also the brother-in-law of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA), and his sons accompanied Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) to Sylhet. The sons of Hazrat Syed Alauddin (RA) — Hazrat Syed Shah Tajuddin (RA), Hazrat Syed Shah Bahauddin (RA), Hazrat Syed Shah Ruknuddin (RA), and Hazrat Syed Shah Shamsuddin (RA) — all became revered figures in the region, continuing the spiritual legacy of their father.

 

These disciples of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) were not merely spiritual leaders; they were conduits of divine grace whose teachings and miracles continue to inspire and uplift those who follow their path. The legacy of their faith, devotion, and mysticism is carried on through their descendants, communities, and the continued reverence for their contributions to the spiritual and cultural heritage of the region.

 

The Miracles and Mysticism of Syed Shah Nur (RA)

 

Syed Shah Nur, born in 1730 and passing away in 1854, was a revered Sufi poet and mystic whose contributions to Sylheti literature remain profound to this day. Known for his spiritual songs and books written in Sylheti Nagri, Syed Shah Nur was a beacon of mysticism and devotion. He is hailed as one of the central figures in the mystic literary tradition of Sylhet, and his works greatly influenced later poets, including the legendary Bengali poet Fakir Lalon Shah. His legacy as a poet, saint, and mystic continues to be honoured in the region.

 

Syed Shah Nur's life was marked by extraordinary feats that transcended the natural world. His deep spirituality and mystical practices led him to perform miraculous acts, many of which defied the laws of physics and human understanding. He married twice—first to Hamida Khatun in Kadamhata, Rajnagar, and later to Shamina Banu in Charal Para, Syedpur, where he made his home. He had two sons, Syed Manjur Ali and Syed Tabarak Ali, who carried his spiritual torch.

 

One of the most famous and miraculous acts associated with Syed Shah Nur is the story of the wooden boat. It is said that he once rode a small wooden boat or canoe that moved across dry land, rather than water, in the vicinity of Syedpur and Shaharpara. The boat was propelled without rowers, moving effortlessly across ploughed paddy fields, an act that appeared to defy all scientific and natural laws. Curious onlookers, including some young boys, were invited to board the boat. Upon Syed Shah Nur's handclap, the boat began racing across the fields, a spectacle that left everyone in awe. This event, which took place toward the end of the medieval era before the advent of engines or modern technology, remains a popular and awe-inspiring story in the Sylhet region.

 

Syed Shah Nur’s spiritual influence extended deeply into the village of Syedpur, where his connection to the land and its people was especially profound. A particularly miraculous event that continues to be recounted in the area occurred at the local mosque. One Friday, under the pressure of villagers, Syed Shah Nur joined the congregation for prayer. As per the tradition, worshipers begin the prayer in rows behind the Imam. However, Syed Shah Nur finished his prayer ahead of the others and performed four prostrations—one facing each of the four directions—north, south, east, and west.

 

This action, which seemed to contradict Islamic customs, alarmed the mosque’s worshipers, who were quick to gather and express their concerns to the village Matabbar (chief). They felt that Syed Shah Nur’s actions were a breach of Islamic practice and planned to punish him for this "anti-Islamic" act. When Syed Shah Nur was questioned, he calmly explained that the Imam had been suffering from anxiety caused by the loss of his umbrella while returning from the city. This distraction had troubled him during the prayer, causing him to lose focus on the spiritual essence of the prayer.

 

Syed Shah Nur emphasised that prayer should not be performed while the mind is preoccupied with worldly matters. His statement revealed the spiritual depth of his practice, highlighting the importance of true devotion and meditation on Allah (SWT) during worship. Upon hearing this explanation, the Matabbar and the villagers realised the divine wisdom behind Syed Shah Nur’s actions and came to understand the profound strength of his spiritual insight. They recognised that Syed Shah Nur was a man of extraordinary spiritual power, capable of perceiving the hidden matters of the heart and soul.

 

The story of Syed Shah Nur's miracles and his deep understanding of spirituality continues to inspire generations in the Sylhet region. His life, marked by mystical experiences, poetic genius, and unwavering devotion to the divine, stands as a testament to the power of faith and the mysteries that lie beyond the comprehension of the material world.


The names of the villages, etched in the annals of time, were consecrated through the presence and sanctity of these revered saints, each settlement a testament to their unwavering devotion. Bound by their oath of allegiance to Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA), they became the torchbearers of faith, entrusted with a divine mission to spread the light of Islam and the timeless values of humanity across the sprawling lands of Sylhet.

 

In the wake of their sacred task, the region witnessed an awe-inspiring transformation. Within mere decades following the monumental year of 1303 CE, the majority of the populace embraced Islam, all thanks to the tireless efforts of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) and his steadfast companions. Their legacy was not only spiritual but also societal, as their successors, having fulfilled their divine mandate, were granted the honour of marrying local women, establishing their families, and ascending to the prestigious rank of landlords. Thus, the ripple of faith and wisdom spread across the land, weaving an indelible tapestry of devotion, community, and honour.

 

Historical Sources and Controversies:

 

While the descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA) provide a specific genealogy, other

Historical sources sometimes offer slightly different accounts, especially regarding the exact dates and events in the lives of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) and Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA). For example, some sources suggest that Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) met Hazrat Khwaja Gharib Nawaz Syed Moinuddin Hasan Chishti (RA) during his childhood, which was a significant event in his spiritual journey. However, this meeting would have occurred long before Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin’s (RA) birth, according to the dates provided in the traditions of his descendants.

 

Despite these differences in historical accounts, the spiritual influence of Hazrat Shah Kamal Uddin (RA) and his disciples continues to be felt in the region, with their teachings and the stories of their piety and devotion continuing to inspire generations.

 

The history and legacy of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) and his descendants offer a profound view of the Islamic Sultanate era in Eastern Bengal, particularly focusing on the region of Sylhet and the establishment of the Iqlim-e-Muazzamabad state. The story intertwines the genealogical and political dimensions of the Muslim rulers and Sufi saints who contributed significantly to the spiritual and administrative development of the region.

The Legacy of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA)

 

Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) is noted for his efforts in consolidating a large territory, particularly the Laur Kingdom or La'urh Kingdom, which he brought under control with the help of his twelve disciples. He played a key role in the spread of Islam in the region, founding what would later be known as Iqlim-e-Muazzamabad, a state that encompassed parts of Sylhet, Sunamganj, and Mymensingh. This state remained independent until the early 17th century, when it was absorbed into the Mughal Empire.

 

The capital of Iqlim-e-Muazzamabad was at Kamalshahi (Shaharpara), and a secondary administrative centre was established at Nizgaon (Shologhar), present-day Sunamganj Sadar. The political structure of the state was based on a combination of religious governance, with the guidance of Sufi leaders, and administrative organisation that reflected both Islamic and local governance models.

 

The State of Muazzamabad and its Decline

 

Muazzamabad, founded by Shah Muazzamuddin Qureshi, the son of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA), was a significant entity in the history of Eastern Bengal. Shah Muazzamuddin Qureshi, also known as Shah Muazzamuddin, ruled the state from the mid-14th century, contributing to the expansion of Muslim rule in the region. His reign marked the formal establishment of the state, and under his leadership, the Muazzamabad Mint was established in 1358 to process coinage.

 

The Muazzamabad continued as an independent state until its absorption into the Mughal Empire in the early 17th century. The last Sultan of Muazzamabad, Hamid Qureshi Khan, known as Shamsher Khan, held the title of Faujdar after the fall of Jalalabad (modern-day Sylhet). He played a prominent role during the Battle of Giria in 1740, where he was killed alongside Sarfaraz Khan, the Nawab of Bengal.

 

The Role of Sufi Saints and Religious Leadership

 

The spiritual guidance of prominent Sufi figures such as Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA)Hazrat Shah Badruddin (RA), and Hazrat Khwaja Shah Burhanuddin Ketan (RA) was central to the development of the region, especially after the conquest of Sylhet in 1303 CE. The support of 360 Sufi saints under the leadership of Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA) played a critical role in spreading Islam throughout the region, which also helped solidify the cultural and religious identity of the newly established Muslim territories.

 

Hazrat Shah Jalal (RA), a contemporary of the renowned Sufi poet Hazrat Mawlana Jalal ad-Din Rumi (RA), is particularly known for his spiritual influence and leadership, both in terms of religious practice and political strategy. His expeditions, like the one to Chittagong alongside Hazrat Shah Badruddin (RA), were instrumental in establishing Islam in the region, further bolstered by his royal connections.

 

The Political and Administrative Structure

 

The administrative apparatus of Muazzamabad included a structured governance system with officers at various levels, from grampradhan (village chief) to zamindarstalukdars, and faujdar (district officers). The Nawab and Faujdar played essential roles in maintaining control over the territories, ensuring that local administration functioned effectively.

 

The state of Muazzamabad was characterised by an intricate system of governance that allowed for local autonomy but with oversight from the ruling authority. This system was maintained until the Mughal Empire expanded into the region in the 17th century, effectively bringing an end to the independent rule of the Qureshi descendants in the area.

 

The Decline of Muazzamabad and the End of the Sultanate

 

The Muazzamabad Sultanate began to decline in the 17th century due to a combination of internal factors, such as political instability, and external pressures from the expanding Mughal Empire. The final blow came in 1740 when Shamsher Khan, the last ruler of Muazzamabad, was killed in the Battle of Giria on April 29, 1740, along with Sarfaraz Khan, the Nawab of Bengal. The fall of the Sultanate marked the end of an era of local Muslim rule and the integration of the region into the broader Mughal Empire.

 

In the Nachab Nama, the name Shah Shamsher Uddin is mentioned, and according to historians, he was also referred to as Shamsher Khan. He was the younger brother of Shah Sofir Uddin and their eldest brother, Shah Khalique Uddin. Their father, Shah Irfan Uddin, was the only son of Shah Sulaiman Uddin II. Shamsher Khan was of advanced age at the time of his death in 1740 AD.

 

Shah Sofir Uddin was the grandfather of Shah Najim Uddin, while Shah Shukur Uddin, the progenitor of Bagla Gushti, was the grandson of Shah Najim Uddin.


However, the legacy of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) and his descendants lives on in the history of the region. Their contributions to the spread of Islam, the establishment of administrative structures, and the foundation of Islamic rule in Sylhet remain a testament to their enduring influence.

 

Cultural and Archaeological Evidence

 

Archaeological findings, such as coins from the Muazzamabad mint and inscriptions, have shed light on the historical significance of the state. The coins, bearing words like Al BaladHazrat, and Iqlim, provide evidence of the state's once-flourishing economy and its importance as a provincial capital within the broader context of Bengal and South Asia. 

 

In addition, the Shamsher Khan legacy, as evidenced by his involvement in military campaigns and his administration, reflects the strength and resilience of the region's leadership during the final stages of its independence before the Mughal conquest.

 

Conclusion

 

The history of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA), his descendants, and the Muazzamabad Sultanate offers a fascinating glimpse into the spiritual, political, and cultural development of Eastern Bengal. The intertwining of Sufi spirituality with political governance, the rise of a royal Muslim lineage, and the eventual absorption of the region into the Mughal Empire paint a complex picture of the region's history and the lasting impact of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) and his descendants.

 

The other side of the history


The history of Muazzamabad (present-day Muazzampur) during the reign of Alauddin Husain Shah highlights a flourishing period for the region, marked by significant political, economic, and cultural development. The city's historical and administrative importance, along with its connections to the broader Bengal Sultanate, provides an insight into the intricate power dynamics and legacy of the era.

 

Muazzamabad: A Strategic Administrative Hub

 

During the reign of Alauddin Husain ShahMuazzamabad served as a key administrative headquarters for East Bengal. The city became a significant centre of governance, trade, and cultural development. Its role as a strategic stronghold, where military and political decisions were made, was integral to the stability of the Bengal Sultanate. The flourishing of trade, particularly with its mint city status, cemented Muazzamabad's importance in the economic landscape of Bengal. Coins minted in the city represented the authority and influence of the Bengal Sultanate in the region.

 

The name Muazzamabad is derived from the title of Sultan Sikandar Shah, the son of Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah, the founder of the Bengal Sultanate. This connection highlights the grandeur of the Sultanate era, a time when Bengal was a thriving centre of Islamic scholarship, art, and trade.

 

Prominent Figures in Muazzamabad’s Governance

 

The military leadership of figures like Khawas Khan and Paragal Khan played crucial roles in the stability of Muazzamabad during this period.

 

Khawas Khan was a distinguished general under Alauddin Husain Shah and served as the administrator of Muazzamabad. His leadership in both military and administrative spheres contributed to the region's well-being and prominence.

  

Paragal Khan, a renowned general, held the position of Commander of the Army of Chittagong and Provincial Administrator (Sar-i-Laskar). His pivotal role in securing and administering Chittagong, a key maritime and trade hub, was vital for the Sultanate's control over the eastern frontiers of Bengal. His strategic acumen and leadership were instrumental in expanding and consolidating the Bengal Sultanate's power during the reign of Alauddin Husain Shah.

 

The Role of Family Lineage and Legacy

 

Paragal Khan's family lineage had significant administrative ties, especially in the region of Shaharpara. The family was known for their influence as Jaghirdars, landholders who played an important role in the governance and economic management of the region. Their role as influential figures in the Bengal Sultanate underscores their importance in both the military and administrative spheres.

 

Paragal Khan’s family had a long tradition of serving in high-ranking administrative and military positions. His father, Rasti Khan, was the Administrator of Chittagong during the reign of Ruknuddin Barbak Shah, continuing the family legacy of governance in the eastern regions of Bengal. This family played a key role in managing Chittagong, ensuring its security and prosperity, as well as maintaining the Sultanate’s control over this crucial region.

 

The Sacred Legacy and Spiritual Connection

 

A key testament to the intertwined history of Muazzamabad, its military leaders, and the revered Sufi tradition of Shaharpara is the grave of Paragal Khan, which lies south of the shrine of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA). This sacred resting place, alongside the graves of his Arab wife and Shah Muazzamuddin Qureshi, reflects the deep historical and spiritual connection between the ruling elites and the Sufi lineage of Shaharpara. The shrine of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) stands as a spiritual and cultural centre, reinforcing the heritage of leadership, service, and devotion in the region.

 

This legacy also underscores the political and spiritual cohesion that existed between the military and religious spheres in Muazzamabad and the surrounding regions. The intertwining of governance and spirituality helped establish the region as a significant centre of power, where political and military leadership were closely aligned with Sufi spiritual teachings and influence.

 

Muazzamabad’s Role in the Bengal Sultanate

 

During the Bengal Sultanate era, particularly under Alauddin Husain ShahMuazzamabad emerged as a symbol of prosperity, military strength, and cultural significance. The city's role as a strategic military and administrative centre, combined with its vibrant cultural scene, helped shape the region's historical and political trajectory. As the administrative headquarters of East Bengal, Muazzamabad contributed to the consolidation of the Bengal Sultanate’s power, ensuring its influence in the broader political and economic context of the subcontinent.

 

Muazzamabad's minting of official coins and its military leadership also illustrate the city’s integral role in the governance of Bengal. The mint city's coins, stamped with symbols of authority and legitimacy, reflect the economic prowess and political authority of the Sultanate during this golden age. 

 

Conclusion

 

The historical significance of Muazzamabad and its role in the Bengal Sultanate highlights the profound impact of both military leadership and religious influence in shaping the region's legacy. Paragal KhanKhawas Khan, and the Qureshi family played key roles in solidifying the region’s strategic importance. Furthermore, the Sufi lineage of Shaharpara added a layer of spiritual depth to the political landscape, creating a legacy that intertwined governance, military strategy, and religious devotion.

 

The historical and spiritual connection between the political elites and Sufi saints, particularly through the graves of notable figures like Paragal Khan and Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA), serves as a lasting testament to the rich heritage of the region, and the profound legacy of the Bengal Sultanate and its enduring influence on the culture, trade, and governance of Bengal. The southern area, "Baglarbari", was the financial centre of the "Muazzamabad" state. East of Baglarbari, there was a Boro (big) Bazaar, and on the opposite of Boro Bazaar, there was Bhuiyar-Bari, which was the revenue collection office of Muazzamabad. The first parts (seven fathers is equal to one part of a family) of the noble family moved to the residence in the early fourteenth century "Boglabari" and the name is derived from its residential home "Baglargosti" being the clan of treasury home of "Muazzamabad". 

The history of Baniyachung (also spelt Banyachung), located in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh, is deeply intertwined with the political, social, and economic developments of the region during the medieval and early modern periods. This area, once a key seat of power, has a rich legacy with a deep connection to both the regional and broader historical narratives of Bengal.

 

Baniyachung: The Capital of the Ancient Laur Kingdom

 

In the late medieval period, Baniyachung was the capital of the ancient Laur Kingdom, which held strategic importance in the political landscape of Eastern Bengal. The town of Baniyachung was not only a centre of governance but also a prominent cultural and economic hub. As the estate of Anwar Khan, a local figure revered as a raja by the local people and the British, the region commanded significant influence. 

 

Anwar Khan’s Estate and Legacy

 

The estate of Anwar Khan was vast, extending across districts of SylhetMymensinghDhaka, and Comilla. The British regarded the raja of Baniyachung as the most important zamindar (landholder) in the Sylhet Division, with other zamindars considered mere taluqdars (lesser landholders). Anwar Khan's estate, with its sprawling lands, came to symbolize both wealth and power, making him a significant figure in the region's political affairs.

 

The Battle with the Mughal Army

 

The Baharistan-i-Ghaibi, written by Mirza Nathan, provides a historical account of the battle between Anwar Khan and his brother Hussain Khan, the Bara Bhuiyans (a group of powerful regional landlords) of Baniyachung, and the Mughal army during the early 17th century. The Baharistan-i-Ghaibi, authored by Mirza Nathan (also known as Shitab Khan), offers insights into the conflict between regional powers and the Mughal Empire during the reign of Jahangir. The narrative reveals the tensions between the Mughal forces and the local landholders, including the Bara Bhuiyans of Baniyachung, who resisted Mughal expansion.

 

Mirza Nathan, a contemporary of the Mughal court, was instrumental in several military campaigns during this period, including those in AssamCooch BeharBengalBihar, and Orissa. His work provides a crucial record of the geopolitical struggles in Eastern India during the reign of Jahangir and Shah Jahan.

 

Parganas System and Anwar Khan’s Claims

 

In the early 18th century, during the reign of Murshid Quli Khan, the Parganas system was introduced as part of administrative reforms in BengalAnwar Khan made a claim to the tenure of 28 Parganas(administrative units) within the Muazzamabad region. However, his claim was contested and ultimately rejected by the revenue office after an investigation, which determined that these parganas belonged to the posterity of Shah Muazzam Uddin Qureshi, the ruler of Muazzamabad.

 

As a result, the 28 Parganas—including territories such as BanshikundaRanadighaSukhaidShaharpara, and others—were allocated to new landholders. This created a network of zamindars and taluqdars in the region, which dramatically reshaped the socio-political landscape of Muazzamabad and its surrounding areas (now part of the Sunamganj and Habiganj districts).

 

Decline of the Baniyachung Zamindari

 

Over time, the Baniyachung Zamindari saw a significant decline, primarily due to the manipulation and exploitation by its own servants. The Dewan (manager) and Chaudharies (land supervisors) implemented a shrewd land distribution scheme, which resulted in them accumulating significant landholdings. The scheme involved granting lands (taluques) to servants upon their retirement. There were two categories of taluquesKhaisa (reserved for male servants) and Mujrahi (reserved for the courtesans of the zamindar).

 

This system created a class of new landholders—the Khalisadar (holders of Khaisa) and Mujraidar(holders of Mujrahi)—who eventually grew in influence, outpacing the Zamindar family itself. These landholders later adopted the title Chowdhury, which continues to be used in the region today. As a result, the once-powerful Baniyachung Zamindari collapsed under the weight of its own internal dysfunction, leaving a fragmented and restructured landholding system.

 

Cultural and Spiritual Legacy

 

The historical and spiritual significance of the region is highlighted by the shrines of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA), a revered Sufi saint, located in Shaharpara. These shrines, which also house the graves of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah’s (RA) Arabian wife and Shah Muazzam-ud-Din Qureshi (RA) (also known as Choto Miyāh Sahib), reflect the deep religious and cultural heritage of the region. These sites, part of a larger network of sacred places spanning regions such as BateshwarOsmani NagarMoulvibazar, and Bishwanath, are an enduring reminder of the region's Sufi traditions and its role in spreading Islam and Islamic scholarship.

 

Legacy of the Baniyachung Zamindars

 

The decline of the Baniyachung Zamindari serves as a cautionary tale of how internal administration, manipulation, and the shifting balance of power within a feudal system can lead to the downfall of once-powerful dynasties. Despite its fall, the legacy of the Baniyachung Zamindars remains integral to the history of the Sylhet region and Muazzamabad, particularly in terms of cultural, administrative, and landholding systems.

 

In summary, Baniyachung’s history, from its role as the capital of the Laur Kingdom to its time as the seat of Anwar Khan's vast estate, reflects the political evolution of the region. The decline of the zamindari system due to internal corruption and manipulation by servants ultimately contributed to a reshaping of landholding and governance in Sylhet, with lasting effects on the social and political structure of the region. The intertwining of local governance, religious heritage, and the impact of colonial policies makes Baniyachung a fascinating historical study within the broader context of Bengali history.


The lineage and revered titles associated with Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA), who is a direct descendant of Hazrat Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (RA), hold a deep significance in Islamic history, linking him to the most exalted figures of early Islamic leadership.

 

Hazrat Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (RA): The First Caliph and a Tower of Truth

 

Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA), whose full name is Abd Allah ibn 'Uthman ibn Aamir ibn Amr ibn Ka'ab ibn Sa'ad ibn Taym (a member of the Quraishi tribe), holds a unique place in Islam. As the first Caliph after the death of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), he is universally known as Al-Siddiq (the Truthful), a title given to him by the Prophet himself after his unwavering belief in Hazrat Muhammad’s (SAW) ascension during Isra and Mi'raj, an event when many others doubted the Prophet's experience.

 

In the Quran, Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) is referred to as "the second of the two who lay in the cave" during the Hijrah, when he accompanied the Prophet in their escape from Mecca to Medina, hiding in the cave of Jabal Thawr. This event is one of the most celebrated in Islamic history, showcasing Hazrat Abu Bakr’s (RA) devotion, trust, and bravery, which earned him a revered place in Islamic tradition.

 

Titles and Recognition of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)

 

Al-Siddiq: The title "Siddiq" (the Truthful) was given to Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) due to his unshakable faith in Prophet Muhammad (SAW), especially when others did not believe in the miraculous event of Isra and Mi'raj. He was the first to confirm the Prophet’s words without hesitation, earning the title of Al-Siddiq.

  

The Saved One (Ateeq): Prior to his conversion to Islam, Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) was known as Ateeq, which means "the saved one." This was affirmed by Prophet Muhammad (SAW) when he stated that Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) was saved from the hellfire by Allah (SWT).

 

Hazrat Abu Bakr’s (RA) Lineage

 

Hazrat Abu Bakr’s (RA) lineage is significant not just for his connection to the Quraish, the noble tribe of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW), but also for his role as a companion and close friend of the Prophet. He is the father of Hazrat Abdur Rahman ibn Abu Bakr (RA), who is an ancestor of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA), connecting Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) to the revered first Caliph of Islam.

 

Hazrat Imam Jafar al-Sadiq (RA), a direct descendant of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) through his maternal line and of Hazrat Ali (Radi Allahu Anhu) through his paternal line, was also called Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) Al-Siddiq. This deep connection highlights the spiritual and genealogical significance of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA), who is revered not only for his lineage but also for his spiritual lineage in the Naqshbandi Sufi order.

 

The Naqshbandi Sufi Order and Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)

 

The Naqshbandi Order (aṭ-Ṭarīqat an-Naqshbandiyya) is a distinguished Sufi order within Sunni Islam, named after the revered Baha-ud-Din Naqshband. Renowned for its emphasis on silent dhikr (remembrance of Allah (SWT)) and spiritual discipline, the order has played a significant role in the mystical and intellectual traditions of Islam.

 

The Naqshbandi Silsila (chain of spiritual succession) traces its origins back to Prophet Muhammad (SAW) through the first Caliph, Hazrat Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (RA) (r. 632–634), making it one of the few Sufi orders linked to him. This transmission of spiritual wisdom also passes through Hazrat Ja’far al-Sadiq (RA), a towering figure in both Sunni and Shia traditions, known for his profound knowledge of Islamic spirituality, jurisprudence, and the esoteric sciences.

 

The Naqshbandi Order remains one of the most influential and widespread Sufi paths, with followers across the Muslim world dedicated to inner purification, spiritual elevation, and the preservation of Prophetic teachings.

 

The Naqshbandi Sufi order, one of the most prominent Sufi spiritual traditions in the world, traces its lineage back to Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA). The spiritual connection between Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) and the Naqshbandi order is vital, as it is through his teachings and influence that this order claims its roots. Hazrat Imam Jafar al-Sadiq (RA), who was a pivotal figure in the early formation of Sufism, was also a key figure in the transmission of this spiritual tradition, which directly traces back to Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA).

 

The Naqshbandi order, a path known for its focus on inner purification, remembrance of Allah (SWT), and adherence to the spiritual practices of the early Muslim community, deeply honours Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) as a spiritual role model. Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA), as a descendant of both Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)and Hazrat Ali (RA), carried this sacred lineage and was a beacon of spiritual wisdom, guiding the people not only through his teachings but also through his connection to these revered figures of Islam.

 

The Legacy of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA)

 

Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA), whose heritage traces back to the first Caliph of IslamHazrat Abu Bakr (RA), is revered for his deep spiritual connection to the early Islamic leadership and his role in the propagation of Islam. His lineage carries the legacy of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)’s righteousness, truthfulness, and leadership, and it is through such figures as Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) that the rich spiritual and historical traditions of Islam continue to resonate today.

 

Conclusion

 

The profound connection of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) to Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) and, through him, to Prophet Muhammad (SAW), makes his lineage not only spiritually significant but also a key part of the broader narrative of Islamic history. The title Al-Siddiq and the legacy of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) as a leadercompanion, and faithful servant of the Prophet continue to inspire generations of Muslims, with descendants like Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) carrying the torch of this illustrious heritage.

In essence, Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah’s (RA) connection to Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) highlights the profound relationship between the early companions of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and the Sufi traditions that arose from their teachings, making this legacy central to the Islamic spiritual landscape.   

Another aspect of history mentioned by historians is that the descendants of Shah Kamal Quḥāfah have settled in Shaharpara, Patli Aurangabad, and Dargah Mahallah in Sylhet. These descendants have formed distinguished families, known as the Kamalis of Shaharpara, the Qurayshis of Patli, and the Muftis of Sylhet. The surnames Kamali, Qurayshi, Mufti, Khwaja, Siddiqui, and Shah are consistently used by the descendants of Shah Kamal Quḥāfah.

 

The descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quḥāfah (RA) are spread across several prominent families: the Mullah Family, the Shahjee Family, and the Baglar Family in Shaharpara; the Qureshi Family in Patli; and the Mufti Family in Dargah Mahallah, Sylhet. Notably, Maulana Shah Shamsuddin Qureshi, a descendant of Shah Kamal Quḥāfah, established the Qurayshi family in Patli, while Maulana Shah Zia Uddin Qurayshi, another descendant, founded the Mufti Family at Dargah Mahallah, Sylhet.

 

Mullah Bari  

Mullah Bari was established by Shah Jalaluddin Qureshi, the eldest son of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), and it remains in the possession of his progeny to this day. Mullah Bari has long been a centre of scholars, lawyers, and jurists who contributed to the interpretation and standardization of laws and customs.

 

Shahji Bari  

Shahji Bari was founded by Shah Muazzamuddin Qurayshi, the second son of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), and continues to belong to his descendants. Shahji Bari became a home for monarchs (Shah) and statesmen, serving as a centre of political and royal influence.

 

Baglar Bari  

Baglar Bari was established by Shah Jamaluddin Qurayshi, the youngest son of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), and remains with his descendants. The term 'Baglar' means wealthy, and 'Baglarbag' refers to a Commander-in-Chief. Baglar Bari, abbreviated from 'Baglarbag', was traditionally the home of the treasury and commanders-in-chief.

 

Qurayshi Bari  

Qurayshi Bari was founded by Maulana Shah Shamsuddin Qurayshi, a descendant of Shah Jalaluddin Qurayshi, the eldest son of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA). It is located west of the village of Patli. Presently, there are five Qurayshi Bari in Kunarpara and one in Aurangabad. Both Kunarpara and Aurangabad were once part of the Aurangabad Mauza but have recently been merged with the greater Patli village. Aurangabad belongs to the descendants of Khwaja Fakhruddin Qurayshi, the youngest son of Maulana Shamsuddin Qurayshi, while Kunarpara is home to the descendants of Shah Siqah Uddin Qurayshi, the eldest son of Maulana Shamsuddin Qurayshi.

 

Mufti Bari  

Mufti Bari was established by Maulana Ziauddin Qurayshi, a descendant of Shah Jalaluddin Qurayshi, the eldest son of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), and is situated at Dargah Mahallah, Sylhet. Mufti Bari was historically the residence of jurists who interpreted the law before legal verdicts were rendered. Maulana Zia Uddin Qurayshi also founded the first school in Sylhet.

 

In the early twentieth century, the title "Kamaly," also spelt "Kamali," was introduced as a symbol of unity for the descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) Sahib. This significant title emerged after the death of Danis Sarang (or Danis Serang) at Sarang-Bari (also spelt Serang-Bari), during the observance of the forty days of Shinni. This period was marked by a series of profound religious observances where the community gathered for prayers, shared meals with the congregation and performed acts of charity. The most notable part of this gathering was the slaughtering of 13 bullocks, a gesture of generosity, and the hiring of a renowned chef from Kolkata to prepare marinated dishes, with yoghurt being used for the first time in the region’s culinary traditions. The descendants of Danis Sarang also generously distributed charity to the poor, honouring the memory of the deceased and strengthening bonds among the people.

 

Around 1916 AD, Mohammad Akbar Ali (1902–1985), a student from School-Bari, proposed the title "Kamaly" (or "Kamali") as a way to honour the descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) Sahib. Prior to this, the people of Shaharpara didn’t use formal titles, instead identifying each other by their clan names. It was a time when names were a reflection of family and heritage rather than societal titles. Among the first to adopt the title "Kamaly" was Atiqur Rahman Kamaly, the son of Mohammad Jahir Ali’s master, from School-Bari. Atiqur Rahman went on to work in the Government of East Pakistan and later in the Government of Bangladesh, a testament to his education and standing in society. He graduated from Jagannath University, although he had originally been admitted to Dhaka University—a choice that remains unclear as to why he left.

 

Before 1916, the people of Shaharpara, like those in many other villages, were recognised by their clan names. The concept of titles like "Kamaly" was alien to them. In stark contrast, people from nearby Syedpur took pride in the title "Syed," a direct homage to their ancestor, Hazrat Syed Shamsuddin (RA), from whom the title was derived. This title symbolised the link to their own distinguished ancestry and played a crucial role in their community’s identity within the Syedpur Shaharpara Union Parishad. The question arose—why not adopt a similar title that could honour our ancestor, Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) Sahib, in the same way? Thus, the idea of "Kamaly" as a unifying title for the people of Shaharpara began to take shape.

 

The introduction of the title "Kamaly" was more than just the establishment of a name—it was a deliberate effort to unite the descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) under a shared identity, much like the people of Syedpur had done with "Syed." This initiative, conceived in the early twentieth century, was revolutionary in its attempt to forge a common bond among the community. It would eventually become the identifying marker for the people of Shaharpara, but as time passed, the title's significance began to evolve.

 

Today, "Kamaly" is a title used by almost everyone from Shaharpara, but it no longer exclusively refers to the descendants of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA). The title has come to signify "the people of Shaharpara," regardless of whether or not they are directly descended from Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA). In some cases, people have even inherited the title "Kamaly" from their mother's maiden name, which, while understandable, has further blurred the title's connection to ancestral lineage. Nevertheless, despite these changes, the most reliable way to trace a true descendant of Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA) remains through their clan names, which preserve the authentic family connections that once defined their identity.

 

The legacy of the "Kamaly" title is not just about names but also about the enduring connection to heritage, community, and shared history. It’s a fascinating story of how a single title—proposed nearly a century ago—transformed from a means of honouring ancestry into a unifying symbol for an entire community, reflecting the deep roots of tradition and the ever-evolving nature of identity.

                                                                                                                                              

The rich and fascinating history of the Jaghirdar family and their connection to figures like Paragal Khan provide an intriguing glimpse into the political and social dynamics of Bengal during the late medieval period. The story of the family’s split and migration to different parts of the region reflects the complex social and administrative structures of the time.

 

The Mirpur Mouza and Jaghirdar Bari both hold significant importance in the family’s legacy. The term "jaghirdar" itself reveals much about the system of landholding and power during the period. The jaghirdar, as the hereditary landholder and tax collector, wielded considerable influence, not just in terms of land and resources but also in governance and military matters. Paragal Khan’s position as commander-in-chief and administrator further solidified the Jaghirdar family's central role in regional politics and governance, particularly during the reign of Sultan Ruknuddin Barbak Shah.

 

The historical significance of Baglar Bari, constructed by Hazrat Shah Kamal (RA), is also remarkable. The fact that it served both as an administrative hub for land leases to tenant cultivators, such as Barga Chasi, and as a granary underscores the strategic and economic significance of the Baglar Bari in the region. The southwest location of the house in relation to Mirpur Mouza and Jaghirdar Bari ties it to the broader landscape of power and governance.

 

As for Paragal Khan, his bravery and feats, including the audacious act of abducting a princess from the Laur Kingdom (now part of the Sylhet division), further illustrate the extent of his influence. The oral tradition surrounding his golden dress and wind-speed horse—referred to as "poboner ghura"—adds a legendary quality to his story. These details, though possibly embellished through oral history, reflect the admiration and reverence in which he was held. Paragal Khan’s marriage to the princess of the Laur Kingdom marks a significant moment, not only because of the boldness of the act but also due to the political implications it may have had in strengthening his position and ties within the region.

 

The Laur Kingdom, once a prominent state in Eastern Bengal, adds another layer to the historical complexity of the period. Its capital and significance in the Baniachong further illustrate the interplay between local kingdoms, power struggles, and the dynamics of alliances and conflicts.

 

This rich blend of personal heroism, political manoeuvring, and family legacy paints a vivid picture of the Jaghirdar family’s role in shaping the history of Bengal during the medieval period, particularly during the reign of Sultan Alauddin Hussain Shah and his general, Paragal Khan. Their influence, both in military and administrative realms, continues to echo through the oral histories and written records that tell the stories of their time.

 

The most famous legend associated with Paragal Khan has been passed down through generations in Shaharpara. According to the tale, Paragal Khan was known for his pride and ambition. During an Eid prayer at Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA)’s Eidgah, Paragal Khan, along with his eighteen sons, perished during the first Sajdah (bowing) of the prayer. The tragedy occurred when the harsh weather caused the people of Shaharpara to be late for the congregation prayer of Eid.

 

Paragal Khan had waited for the people for a long time, but as his patience wore thin, his frustration turned to anger. Unable to wait any longer, he began performing the Eid Salah alongside his eighteen sons. However, a few others chose not to join him, instead waiting for the larger congregation. This event is said to have taken place between 1513 and 1532 AD.

 

In his pride, the wealthiest Paragal Khan, governor of Chittagong and commander-in-chief of Alauddin Husain Shah’s army, sought to lead the Eid prayer, surrounded by his sons. His family was among the wealthiest of the time, yet fate had other plans. As they entered the first prostration (Sujood), they never rose again—all of them perished in Sujood.

 

Following this tragic event, the bodies of Paragal Khan and his eighteen sons were laid to rest in a mass grave immediately to the west of the Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA) Mosque. This site lies east of the Eidgah and south of the revered shrine of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA). The local community, along with the imperial kettledrum (Domkha) of Muazzamabad, which signalled the congregation’s arrival, witnessed this tragic loss.

 

Paragal Khan’s legacy also includes several notable contributions to the region’s infrastructure and culture. He ordered the excavation of numerous water tanks, known as "Dighis" in Bengali, in both Shaharpara and Jagannathpur. It is believed that at least thirteen reservoirs were constructed in these areas, which played a crucial role in agriculture and daily life.

 

Furthermore, Paragal Khan and his son, Chuti Khan (or Chhoto Khan, or Chhuti Khan), were patrons of the arts and culture. Under their patronage, the first Bengali translation of the Mahabharata was completed by the scholars Kavindra Parameshvara and Shrikara Nandi. This cultural and literary achievement stands as a testament to their vision of supporting intellectual and artistic pursuits during their time as governors of Chittagong under the reign of Sultan Alauddin Husain Shah (1493-1519).

 

Thus, the legacy of Paragal Khan and his family continues to resonate through history—not only for their political power but also for their contributions to culture, infrastructure, and the stories that have shaped the identity of Shaharpara and the surrounding region.

 

Paragal Khan’s kindness and compassion, especially his care for both people and animals under his rule, truly distinguished him as a noble and just leader. His efforts in creating reservoirs, such as Kawadighi—where Kawa means crow and Dighi means reservoir in Bengali—not only served the community but also reflected his profound understanding of both human and environmental needs. Naming the reservoir after crows, creatures often overlooked, highlights his empathy and respect for all living beings.

 

The east bank of this reservoir was designated as a site for disposing of dead animals, serving as a dumping ground for carcasses. To provide a space for scavengers such as crows and other animals that feed on decaying remains, he specifically had the reservoir dug. After consuming their meal, these creatures could drink water from it, demonstrating Paragal Khan’s thoughtful care for the entire ecosystem.

 

Regarding the concept of Sujood in Islam and the notion of dying in Sujood (while in prostration), it is indeed a beautiful and virtuous act of closeness to Allah (SWT). Dying while performing Sujood is considered one of the most honoured ways to depart from this world, as it signifies a life lived in devotion and humility before Allah (SWT).

 

In Islamic tradition, the two prophets most often mentioned in connection with dying in Sujood are Prophet Ibrahim (AS) and Prophet Dawud (AS). However, it is important to note that the details surrounding the deaths of the prophets remain limited and speculative in many sources. Islamic texts do not provide exhaustive accounts of the deaths of all 124,000 prophets. Of the 25 prophets mentioned in the Quran, the stories of death for many remain ambiguous. For some, such as Prophet Musa (AS), Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and Prophet Isa (AS), there are well-known accounts, but the specific deaths of others, including those who passed away while in Sujood, are not fully detailed in Islamic texts.

 

The idea of a prophet dying in Sujood emphasises the purity of devotion and submission to Allah (SWT), as Sujood is one of the most profound acts of worship, symbolizing total surrender. Although the deaths of many prophets in Sujood are not explicitly documented, the concept itself underscores the deep connection between worship and the ultimate return to Allah (SWT

In the depths of the dense jungles of Langla, where the cries of unknown creatures echoed through the towering trees, the tale of Paragal Khan, the noble and courageous ruler of Chittagong, unfolded. It was in the late fifteenth century, during a time when legends were born from the shadows of the unknown, that Paragal Khan embarked on what was meant to be a simple hunting expedition. His journey, which began in his homeland of Shaharpara, would soon become a harrowing descent into an otherworldly nightmare that would haunt the lands for generations.

 

Paragal Khan, known for his valour and unmatched pride, set out to the wilderness of Langla with the intent to bag a prized deer. Accompanied by his loyal rowers, bodyguards, and skilled archers, he ventured into the uncharted territories of the jungle. Yet, what he encountered there would change his life and his legacy forever.

 

The hunt began as expected, but as the sun dipped low in the sky, something far more intriguing than any deer appeared before him. Beneath the shade of an ancient tree sat a young woman—her beauty ethereal, her long black hair cascading down to cover her body, her eyes filled with sorrow and despair. She sat on the forest floor, weeping quietly. The woman, naked but for the natural cover of her hair, seemed a part of the jungle itself—wild, untamed, yet sorrowful.

 

Moved by her vulnerability, Paragal Khan approached her with caution. He offered her his turban—his symbol of power and pride, an eighteen-foot-long cloth that wrapped around his head. The woman, tear-streaked and trembling, accepted his gesture with quiet gratitude. “Thank you, kind soul,” she said, her voice a melody of sorrow. “I have wandered this jungle since my childhood, lost from my parents. The jungle is my world now, but it has cursed me. I cannot leave it.”

 

Paragal Khan, his heart filled with compassion, asked, “Would you leave this cursed place if I offered you a way out? Would you come with me to the land of humans, where you might find peace?”

 

“I have waited for someone like you,” she whispered, her eyes locking with his, as though seeing into his very soul. “A soul brave enough to rescue me from this torment.”

 

And so, Paragal Khan, moved by her plight, ordered his men to return to Shaharpara, abandoning his hunt. The jungle, with its myriad secrets, seemed to exhale a breath of relief as they left. Upon arriving in Shaharpara, Paragal Khan introduced the woman to his mother, explaining her tragic story. His mother, overwhelmed by the woman’s beauty and the depth of her sorrow, decided that the woman should become her daughter-in-law.

 

In time, Paragal Khan married the mysterious woman from the jungle. At first, all seemed idyllic as they built a life together. Yet, as the days passed, unsettling events began to unfold in Shaharpara. Livestock—goats, sheep, cows, buffaloes, and horses—began to vanish mysteriously, their bodies never to be found. Paragal Khan’s household grew increasingly worried, and yet, there was one other detail that bothered them even more—the once filthy back garden had become unnaturally clean, with no trace of waste or decay.

 

One rainy season, Paragal Khan’s mother asked the new daughter-in-law to clean the betel leaves, a task that was traditionally given to the women of the house. She also asked the servants to bring banana leaves for wrapping the betel leaves. As the daughter-in-law turned to carry out her duties, the mother happened to glance back—and in that fleeting moment, she saw something that chilled her blood.

 

With an almost supernatural grace, the daughter-in-law’s hand extended through the 

window as if guided by some unseen force. Without effort, she pulled the banana 

leaves inside, her movements almost too fast to comprehend.

 

That night, Paragal Khan’s mother couldn’t contain her fear and shared what she had witnessed. Paragal Khan, though disturbed, decided to keep watch. Under the cover of darkness, he secretly followed his wife. To his horror, he watched as she began to grow taller, her form shifting before his eyes. By the time she reached the outskirts of their property, she had transformed into something monstrous—a tall, devilish figure, towering over the trees like a dark spectre.

 

The woman, no longer the gentle bride he had married, was now a creature of a nightmare—Rakkhoshni, the demon woman of the jungle. Her insatiable hunger drove her to hunt the animals in the fields, and she consumed them with a ferocity that defied reason—bones and all. The night was filled with the sounds of bones snapping and the horrific screams of the dying. Paragal Khan, stunned and horrified, quietly retreated to his home, his heart heavy with the truth.

 

When dawn came, Paragal Khan was consumed by a new, terrifying thought—his wife was not of this world. She was a Rakkhoshni, a demon from the jungle, and she was responsible for the missing livestock. But what of the child she carried? Would it, too, be a monster?

 

The next day, he resolved to act. His wife, oblivious to his growing suspicions, approached him with a smile. But Paragal Khan’s heart was heavy. He invited her to visit the pond near their house, Mir Kha Dighi, where seasonal floods had caused the canals to overflow. As part of a beautiful tradition in Bengali culture, the bride’s family would send fruits to the groom’s house during the summer season, and the boatman had just arrived with mangoes, jackfruits, and other seasonal fruits.

 

Paragal Khan, deep in thought, decided to take his wife back to the jungle where they had first met. But this time, he had a plan. He kept his wife awake all night, distracting her with stories, and making sure she was exhausted. The next morning, with an extra crew of rowers and archers, they set off for Langla, the place of their fateful meeting.

 

When they arrived at the spot where they had first encountered the woman, she was overjoyed. She immediately sat under the same tree, resting her head on Paragal Khan’s lap. As she slept, Paragal Khan saw his opportunity. He gently removed his turban and placed it under her head to make her more comfortable. But then, without a moment’s hesitation, he rushed back to the boat and ordered the rowers to depart at full speed, leaving her behind.

 

The woman awoke to find herself alone, and in a frenzy, she extended her magical hand—but the boat was already too far away. In a fit of rage, the Rakkhoshni cursed Paragal Khan, vowing that he would not escape her again. “You are lucky this time, Paragal Khan,” she howled. “But I will take your child. Your half-baby!”

 

And with that, the woman gave birth to a twisted, half-human, half-demon child, a grotesque creature that she hurled toward the boat. The crew narrowly avoided the horrific being, and as they sped away, the curse of the Rakkhoshni remained. The demon woman’s power lingered, haunting the lands and the people of Shaharpara.

 

The legend of Paragal Khan and the Rakkhoshni lives on as a chilling reminder of love, pride, and the supernatural forces that linger just beyond the edge of reality. The curse, a dark shadow, continues to be passed down through the generations, a tale of warning for all who dare to venture into the unknown corners of the world.

 

The period of Sultan Alauddin Husain Shah’s reign (1494–1519) marked a significant chapter in Bengal’s history, often regarded as a golden age due to both military successes and the flourishing of Bengali culture. Husain Shah's reign was a time of political consolidation, military campaigns, and cultural development. The poem by Kavindra Parameshwar Das, written between 1515 and 1519, beautifully captures the essence of this era, praising not only Husain Shah's military accomplishments but also his cultural and religious tolerance, as well as his fostering of Bengali literature.

 

Military Campaigns and Conquests

 

The historical context of Husain Shah's reign is underscored by his numerous military campaigns, notably his wars with Tripura and Arakan, and his general, Paragal Khan’s, role in securing Bengal’s borders. Husain Shah’s four successive invasions of Tripura, described in historical chronicles, were initially unsuccessful but ultimately culminated in a limited victory against King Dhanya Manikya at the Kali Fort. Although Husain Shah failed to conquer Tripura completely, his final victory allowed Bengal to maintain control over the approach to Chittagong, although he never succeeded in fully annexing Tripura.

 

The Arakanese conflict, which stemmed from Arakan’s support of Tripura in the later stages of the war, was a prolonged struggle. In 1513, Paragal Khan led the Bengal army along the Feni River to reclaim Chittagong from the Arakanese. Despite the campaign stretching on even after Paragal Khan’s death, his son, Chhutti Khan, finally succeeded in driving out the Arakanese around 1516. This victory allowed Bengal to temporarily extend its influence over Arakan, although this annexation was short-lived.

 

Husain Shah's Secular and Inclusive Rule

 

Despite the wars on the borders, Husain Shah’s reign was marked by relative peace within Bengal, which allowed for cultural and religious development. One of the notable aspects of Husain Shah's administration was his tolerance of both Muslim and Hindu subjects, which was rare for the time. Husain Shah was known for his inclusive policies, much like Akbar of the Mughal Empire, creating a national monarchy that sought the loyalty of all sections of the population, irrespective of their religion.

 

He appointed many Hindus, including prominent Vaishnavas like Roop and Sanatan, to high offices, including the post of wazir. This acceptance and patronage of Hinduism were further solidified during the era when the great saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu spread the teachings of Vaishnavism and the bhakti movement. Husain Shah’s reign thus became a period of religious tolerance, where even Muslim officials participated in Hindu religious activities like samkirtans, further uniting the 

diverse population.

 

Cultural Flourishing and Bengali Literature

 

Husain Shah’s reign is also celebrated for the flourishing of Bengali literature. This era marked the first great age of Bengali literature, with poets, scholars, and intellectuals producing important works in the Bengali language. The state’s patronage of literature and the arts provided an environment conducive to creative activities, leading to the emergence of prominent figures in the literary world.

 

The poem by Kavindra Parameshwar Das is a reflection of the vibrant cultural environment of the time, and its praise of Husain Shah underscores the ruler’s role in fostering an era where the arts thrived. The inclusion of Vaishnava religious themes in the poetry, such as the comparison of Husain Shah to Lord Krishna, reflects the deep intertwining of religious and cultural expression during this time.

 

The Poem's Depiction of Husain Shah

 

In Kavindra Parameshwar Das’s poem, the figure of Husain Shah is not only described as a noble and wise king but also as a divine figure, comparable to Lord Krishna, which symbolises the ruler’s spiritual and cultural significance. The mention of Paragal Khan as a powerful military leader who helped secure Bengal’s frontiers adds a personal layer to the narrative, showcasing Husain Shah’s successful military strategy and the loyalty of his generals.

 

Legacy and Conclusion

 

Husain Shah’s reign ended shortly after the reconquest of Chittagong in 1519, and it marked the end of a glorious epoch in Bengal's history. The political stability he achieved, the cultural renaissance he fostered, and the religious harmony he promoted all contributed to making this period one of the most prosperous in the region's history.

 

Despite facing challenges on the battlefield, Husain Shah’s ability to maintain peace within the kingdom and his tolerance for various religious practices were groundbreaking for the time. The subsequent literature produced during his reign, with its rich cultural and spiritual expressions, attests to his lasting influence on Bengali society and the cultural identity that was shaped during his rule.

 

In summary, Sultan Alauddin Husain Shah’s reign was one of military struggle, political consolidation, and cultural flourishing. His general, Paragal Khan, played a crucial role in securing Bengal’s borders and asserting the kingdom's military dominance. At the same time, Husain Shah’s secular and inclusive policies contributed to the golden age of Bengali literature, ensuring his legacy as a ruler who united his people and promoted the flourishing of culture and the arts.

 

Kavindra Parameshwar Das’s abridged version of the Mahabharata is an interesting 

and significant literary creation from the late medieval period, particularly because it reflects the cultural and religious context of Bengal during the reign of Sultan Alauddin Husain Shah. Parameshwar’s Mahabharata, written between 1515 and 1519, is not only a retelling of the grand epic but also an adaptation that blends local and contemporary elements, most notably in how it reflects the prevailing attitudes toward Husain Shah and his general Paragal Khan.

 

Cultural and Religious Context of the Poem

 

The verse I’ve shared, which is part of Parameshwar's Mahabharata, reveals how contemporary Hindus viewed Husain Shah, who is exalted in the verse as a noble and divinely inspired king. By referring to Husain Shah as an incarnation of Lord Krishna, the verse presents him as a divine ruler, reinforcing the idea that the monarch was not only a political leader but also a spiritual figure in the eyes of the people. This comparison to Krishna highlights the reverence in which Husain Shah was held by his Hindu subjects, further underscoring the secular and inclusive nature of his reign, where Hindus and Muslims lived and thrived together.

 

The Role of Paragal Khan

 

The poem also gives great importance to Paragal Khan, the general who played a key role in securing Bengal’s borders, particularly during the wars with Tripura and Arakan. The mention of Paragal Khan’s military success, his "golden dress" and "wind-speed horse," paints him as a highly respected and capable leader. His cheerful demeanour as he advances toward Chittagong shows the confidence and triumph that his victories brought to the kingdom, further elevating him in the public consciousness. The line "Putra pautre rajya kare Khan mahamati" (The great Khan ruled the kingdom with sons and grandsons listening gladly to the Puranas) implies a legacy of leadership that passed down through generations, reinforcing the importance of continuity in governance.

 

Purpose and Context of the Abridged Mahabharata

 

The decision to create an abridged version of the Mahabharata was likely made to make the epic more accessible to a wider audience. As mentioned earlier, this version was created to be read within a single day, making it more digestible and suitable for the time constraints of its audience. This would have been particularly appealing in a royal court where time was precious and shorter, but impactful versions of epic stories were valued.

 

The patronage of Paragal Khan, who likely requested and supported this abridged version, further suggests the intertwining of literature, politics, and religion during this period. Paragal Khan’s influence is also apparent in the verses that emphasise his role in maintaining and expanding the power of Husain Shah’s kingdom. The poet’s choice to honour the general and the king together highlights their intertwined fates and the way both were seen as divine instruments in securing Bengal's stability and prosperity.

 

Literary Significance

 

This version of the Mahabharata would have been a crucial cultural artefact of the period, allowing the people of Bengal to connect their religious and cultural narratives with the contemporary political landscape. It reflects the blending of Hindu devotion, historical events, and royal patronage, showing how literature was not only a form of artistic expression but also a tool for promoting the values and ideologies of the rulers.

 

The verse itself also exhibits a typical trait of Bengali devotional literature, where kings are often depicted as God-like figures. This tradition of associating kings with divine qualities is part of the broader Bhakti movement, which emphasised personal devotion to God and the sacredness of rulers who were seen as protectors and upholders of dharma (righteousness). In the context of Husain Shah’s rule, this literary approach helped to solidify his legacy as a king who, despite his Muslim identity, was revered by his Hindu subjects as a divine figure.

 

Historical and Literary Legacy

 

The fact that Kavindra Parameshwar’s version of the Mahabharata contained 18 chapters of the original epic speaks to his careful selection of the material. While not a complete retelling, the abridged work likely focused on the most significant episodes and moral teachings that resonated with the people of Bengal at the time, emphasising the importance of leadership, duty, and righteousness.

 

Given that Husain Shah’s reign saw a revival of Bengali literature, this abridged Mahabharata serves as a testament to the flourishing of literary creativity under royal patronage. By simplifying the epic, Parameshwar made it more accessible, ensuring that the moral lessons of the Mahabharata could be conveyed more easily to a broader audience, including those who may not have had the time or resources to engage with the full, more complex text.

 

Conclusion

 

Kavindra Parameshwar’s abridged Mahabharata is not just a literary masterpiece but also a cultural artefact that offers valuable insights into the attitudes of the time. Through his work, we see how Husain Shah was celebrated as a ruler with divine qualities while also understanding the role of his general Paragal Khan in the military and political spheres. The poem serves as a reminder of the vibrant cultural and religious landscape of Bengal during the Sultan’s reign, where literature, religion, and politics intertwined to shape the identity of the kingdom and its people.

 

Nripati Hussain Shah hai mahamati
Pancham Gaurete jar parama sukhyati

Ashtra shastre supandit mahima apar

Kalikale habu jeno Krishna avatar

Nripati Hussain Shah Gaurer Ishwar

Tar hok senapati Hasanta Laskar

Laskar Paragal Khan mahamati

Suvarna basan paila ashwa bayugati

Lashkari bishaya pai aibanta chalia

Chatigrame chali gela harashita haiya

Putra pautre rajya kare Khan mahamati

puran shunante niti harashita mati


(King Hussain Shah is of a noble mind. 
His great fame spreads All over Gaur
Well-versed in weaponry, his achievements are infinite. 
He is the incarnation of Krishna in the Kali era
King Hussain is the lord of Gaur. 
His commander Hasant Lashkar Paragal Khan has a great mind. 
He was gifted a golden dress, and his horse was of wind's speed. 
Lashkar having recovered his possession moved on and arrived at Chittagong in a cheerful mood.

The great Khan ruled the kingdom with sons and grandsons listening gladly to the Puranas).

 

This ancient Bengali song, composed by Kavindra Parameshwar Das between 1515 and 1519, serves as both a poetic tribute to the reign of Sultan Alauddin Husain Shah and a depiction of the era's military and cultural achievements. The song captures the golden age of Husain Shah's rule, a period marked by both military conquests and a flourishing of Bengali literature and arts.

 

The song begins with an homage to King Husain Shah, describing him as a "noble-minded" ruler whose fame spread throughout Gaur (the Bengal region). The reference to Husain Shah's "great fame" alludes to his successful rule, which consolidated peace in Bengal and extended the kingdom’s borders while maintaining internal harmony. The description of his military expertise, especially his proficiency in weaponry, is complemented by a divine comparison, likening him to the incarnation of Lord Krishna in the age of Kali, which underscores his perceived virtue and wisdom.

 

The song also praises his general, Paragal Khan, who was known for his military prowess. Paragal Khan is portrayed as a capable and respected commander, receiving honours such as a golden dress and a horse that moved with the speed of the wind, symbolising his great strength and status. The lines referring to Paragal Khan's cheerful mood as he moved towards Chittagong reflect his success in securing the region for the Bengal Sultanate, particularly during the conquest of Chittagong in the early 16th century.

 

The song further references Paragal Khan’s legacy, with mentions of his sons and grandsons continuing to rule and govern the kingdom, indicating the enduring impact of his family. The idea that the family "listened gladly to the Puranas" suggests a deep connection to the cultural and spiritual heritage of the region, emphasising the harmony between governance and religion.

 

This verse from Parameshwar’s Mahabharata is significant not only because it praises Husain Shah and his commanders but also because it reflects the broader cultural and political environment of Bengal during the reign of Husain Shah. The patronage of arts, literature, and religious tolerance during this period laid the foundation for the development of Bengali literature, particularly in the vernacular language, which flourished under Husain Shah’s rule. This period also saw the rise of religious and cultural movements, including the Bhakti movement led by figures like Chaitanya, which contributed to the growth of a shared Bengali identity.

 

The text reflects both the historical and cultural importance of Husain Shah's reign, highlighting his military achievements and his contribution to the flourishing of Bengali culture. It is a poignant reminder of how art and literature can capture the essence of a time, intertwining politics, culture, and spirituality in ways that transcend generations.


The Bagla Gushti of Shaharpara steadily expanded over generations, spreading across different parts of Shaharpara and beyond. Through migration, lineage, and strategic settlements, they established a legacy, leaving an indelible mark on the regions they inhabited.

 

The history of Baglar Gushti is a rich and intricate tapestry woven with the threads of ancestral legacy, migrations, and strategic alliances. Spanning generations, their story is one of resilience, expansion, and deep-rooted connections—a saga of power, tradition, and influence that has shaped not only their own lineage but also the very fabric of the regions they touched. Through intermarriages, territorial acquisitions, and unwavering perseverance, the Baglar Gushti carved a legacy that echoes through time, standing as a testament to their enduring prominence.

 

Shah Shukur Uddin, the only son of Shah Jorif Uddin, had two sons: Shah Amir Uddin, the eldest, and Shah Moniur Uddin, the youngest. The legacy of Shah Moniur Uddin extended further through his marriage to a daughter from Chand Bharang Chowdhury Bari, a distinguished family with an ancient lineage tracing back to Hazrat Shah Chand (RA)—a revered 14th-century Sufi saint and esteemed disciple of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA). This union not only strengthened the historical and spiritual ties between the two lineages but also reinforced their collective influence in the region.

 

Shah Moniur Uddin had three sons:

            •           Mohammad Shah Sabir (the eldest)

            •           Mohammad Shah Fazil (the second)

            •           Mohammad Shah Hasim (the youngest)

 

Shah Shukur Uddin had two sons: his eldest, Shah Amir Uddin, and his youngest, Shah Moniur Uddin. Shah Moniur Uddin, in turn, had three sons: the eldest, Mohammad Shah Sabir, the second, Mohammad Shah Fazil Uddin, and the youngest, Mohammad Shah Hasim.

 

Mohammad Shah Sabir Uddin had two sons: the eldest, Mohammad Shah Satir, who remained childless, and the youngest, Mohammad Shah Sobdor. Mohammad Shah Sobdor had five sons: the eldest, Mohammad Shah Haidar, who was also childless; the second, Mohammad Shah Asob; the third, Mohammad Shah Asmot; the fourth, Mohammad Shah Ashmot; and the youngest, Mohammad Shah Tohor.


The descendants of Mohammad Sabir inherited some housing land of Paragal Khan in the Mirpur Mauza, located southeast of Mirkha Dighi, east of Khar Bari, and north of Sarang Bari. The family settled there in the mid-19th century. Within this estate, a Post Office of Shaharpara was established, operated by one of Mohammad Sabir’s descendants.

 

As the family continued to expand, their estates and homes became more prominent. One significant estate, known as Khola Bari, later became Post Office Bari. It was situated on the west bank of the Ratna Nodi, west of Sarang Bari, north of School Bari, and south of Hazrat Shah Kamal Islamia Madrasa and Masjid. By the mid-20th century, this area had become an important hub for the family, particularly the descendants of Mohammad Shah Sabir.

 

The estate was acquired from Kala Sasa, a name affectionately given to him by his nephews and distant relatives due to his dark complexion. His real name was Mohammad Somai, and by profession, he was Sarang. He was a well-known figure in the region, his reputation extending beyond his immediate family. However, unlike others in the family, he did not receive the same level of respect, as he was descended from a concubine. He was the stepbrother of Mohammad Khalil Sarang and Mohammad Jalil Hoque, also known as Muckter Sarang, the sons of Mohammed Shah Batir, also known as Batir Sarang of School Bari. Later, Somai Sarang, with his family, migrated to Kubajpur and Algram in Jagannathpur, within the Pargana of Kuwazpur. 

 

Mohammad Somai Sarang and his mother were granted ownership of Khola Bari, a house primarily used for threshing—an essential process of separating grain from straw during the rice harvest season. Originally, this house belonged to School Bari, serving as a seasonal hub for agricultural activities. In time, Mohammad Somai Sarang sold Khola Bari to a branch of Mohammad Shah Sabir’s descendants. This transition, along with the subsequent expansion of the estate through additional land acquisitions, further shaped the legacy of the Baglar Gushti in Shaharpara, cementing their historical influence in the region. 

 

A notable development in the mid-twentieth century saw another family member, a postmaster, move to Shodar Bari in Mirpur Mouza. This individual, who hailed from the maternal side of Paragal Khan’s family, represented the continued legacy and influence of the Baglar Gushti in the region descendant of Mohammad Sabir.

 

From Khola Bari, later known as Post Office Bari, the esteemed postmaster Shah Aziz Miah, a British expatriate, embarked on a new chapter of his life, relocating with his family to Kalabagan, Dhaka. Amidst the vibrant heart of the capital, they established their permanent home, carrying with them the rich heritage and enduring legacy of their ancestral abode.


The Post Office House served as their Bangla Ghor, standing as the final embodiment of the traditional Bangla Baton in Shaharpara. This architectural typology, known as the Bangla Baton house, represents a refined evolution of urban vernacular design. Originating from the Assamese-style houses, it was later meticulously adapted to harmonise with the cultural and environmental nuances of the Sylhet region.


Expansion of the Baglar Gushti: The Move to School Bari

 

At the beginning of the 20th century, a second branch of the Baglar Gushti, descendants of Shah Moniur Uddin through his second son, Mohammad Shah Fazil, relocated from Bagla Bari to School Bari. This new settlement was established on reclaimed land from the Rasulpur Mouza paddy fields. Approximately four acres of land were developed here, marking the family’s growing prominence in the region.

 

Following the Liberation War of Bangladesh, the family further expanded their estate, adding two more acres from the surrounding paddy fields, located just west of their original settlement. However, for the descendants of the Muckter Sarang family, who had settled in Kolkata, fate took a different turn—unfortunately, they never returned, leaving the foundations of their intended houses abandoned and incomplete.


The story of Muckter Ali Sarang, known as Abdul Jolil, began long before the foundation of the house was laid by his two sons, Alta Hussain Kamaly and Al-Haq Hussain Kamaly, along with his nephews and the sons of his younger brother, Mohammad Jahir Master. “Sarang” means second mate on a merchant ship. Born in Baglar Bari sometime in 1898 and raised in the heart of School Bari, Muckter Ali led a life of many phases. From the humble fields of his village to the far shores of Great Britain during World War II, his journey was one of unimaginable survival and resilience. Known for his unwavering strength, he was a Sarang by profession—a role deeply respected in his community—and a man with an unbreakable will to persevere.

 

At the outset of World War II, Muckter Ali Sarang found himself aboard a merchant ship carrying food supplies bound for Great Britain. Little did he know that fate had more challenges in store. During a perilous journey across the war-torn seas, Muckter Ali survived a near miss with Nazi torpedoes, narrowly escaping death at the hands of Adolf Hitler’s forces. This harrowing experience left an indelible mark on him, shaping his perspective on life.

 

But survival came at a great cost. The same war that he survived left a lasting toll on both his body and mind. The ceaseless motion of the sea and the stresses of the war eventually led Muckter Ali to battle seasickness, an ailment that would ultimately claim his life. In May 1953, at the age of 55, he passed away in London, far from the lands he once called home. His final rites were performed at the Shah Jahan Mosque in London, marking a solemn farewell to a man who had lived through some of the world’s most harrowing trials. His body was laid to rest at Brookwood Cemetery, the only Muslim burial ground in Horsell Common, Surrey, Woking, United Kingdom.

 

Yet, even in death, Muckter Ali’s legacy endured through his family. His first marriage produced two sons: Md Alta Hussain Kamaly, the elder, and Md Al-Haq Hussain Kamaly, the younger. In his second marriage, to a woman from Kolkata, Muckter Ali fathered three children: Gulzar Hussain (aka Koyrul Hussain), the eldest son; Akhtar Hussain, the younger son; and Guljan Bibi, his only daughter. Theirs was a family shaped by Muckter Ali’s indomitable spirit—a family forever bearing the imprint of his courage and strength.

 

After the tumult of the Bangladesh Liberation War, Akhtar Hussain, Muckter Ali's fourth son, arrived in School Bari in 1972 to uncover the fate of his family after the war. His journey was a pilgrimage, a search for his roots, and a mission to reconnect with his heritage, all while ensuring the safety of his loved ones. He arrived to find that much had changed, and the echoes of a once vibrant history were slowly being erased by the passing of time.

 

In the aftermath of the war, the family from Kolkata never returned to live in the house that Muckter Ali’s sons from his first marriage had built in Shaharpara. The foundation of the house stood silent, filled with memories of a different era. The once-vibrant connection between the house in School Bari and its extended family in Kolkata began to fade as the children of Muckter Ali Sarang carved lives of their own in distant corners of the world.

 

Gulzar Hussain, the eldest son from Muckter Ali's second marriage, had his own path to follow, as did Akhtar Hussain. Though the family had once been inseparable, the currents of life, politics, and the shifting sands of history pulled them further apart. The house in Shaharpara, once envisioned as a home for all, now stood as a monument to the past—a past that had shaped the lives of its residents and the course of their fates.

 

In Kolkata, the family began new lives. They became part of the city’s pulse, but the bond to their ancestral land never truly faded. Akhtar Hussain’s visit to School Bari after the war was a reminder of this unbroken connection—a fleeting moment of reconnection in a world changing faster than they could comprehend. His trip was a return to his roots, to witness if the land he had left behind had withstood the ravages of war and time.

 

Despite the distance and the years that had passed, the legacy of Muckter Ali Sarang continued to live on in the stories shared by his descendants and in the memories that echoed in the quiet of the house in School Bari. His survival through the war, his strength in the face of unimaginable odds, and his unwavering devotion to his family left an indelible mark on those who came after him. His children, though scattered across the world, carried within them the lessons of resilience, the importance of family, and the strength to endure, no matter the circumstances.

 

Today, the house foundation in Shaharpara stands as a silent sentinel—a reminder of the man whose part of the family lived in Calcutta, the foundation they built but left vacant, and the legacy he left behind. Though the family from Kolkata never returned to live there, they continue to pass down the stories of Muckter Ali Sarang and the sacrifices he made. His memory lives on in their hearts as they remember the man who survived the storms of life, who carried food across treacherous seas, and who, in his final moments, never let go of his love for his family and homeland.

 

Muckter Ali Sarang’s story is one of endurance, love that transcends time and space, and a man who, though lost to the winds of history, will never truly be forgotten.

 

The Rasulpur Mauza remained under the sole ownership of the descendants of School Bari. The estate came to be known as School Bari because it was home to Shaharpara’s first primary school, established in 1918. This school was founded with funds contributed by Mohammad Shah Ashim, Mohammad Shah Batir, and their younger brother, Mohammad Jahir Master—the sons of Shah Hajir Mohammad and grandsons of Mohammed Shah Fazil.

 

Shah Hajir Mohammad had three sons, but he passed away while his youngest, Shah Mohammad Jahir, was still in secondary school. In his absence, Jahir’s older brothers took on the responsibility of supporting his education.

 

At that time, Sylhet Government High School, founded in 1836, was the only recognised institution in the region offering secondary education. As there were no local facilities to administer the matriculation examinations, Shah Mohammad Jahir journeyed to Calcutta to complete his exams, accompanied by his cousin, Shah Johor Alam, who sat for the same examination alongside him. Shah Johor Alam is the eldest son of Danis Sarang. Having successfully passed the Matriculation Examination, Jahir aspired to pursue higher education. Enchanted by the comforts of his family home in Calcutta and the city’s vibrant intellectual atmosphere, he was eager to enrol in college.

 

However, his uncle, Danis Sarang—the esteemed patriarch of the family—strongly opposed the idea. He cautioned Jahir, saying,

 

“Why do you wish to study further? You are already the most educated person in our society. No one in our region has achieved as much as you. There is no need for additional education when we have enough land in the village. If we live modestly, it will sustain us for generations. You should return home and assume your rightful place in the community.”

 

To reinforce his stance, Danis Sarang presented Jahir with a gun, encouraging him to take up hunting and establish himself as a village leader.

 

Taking his uncle’s words to heart, Jahir—who regarded him as a father figure—abandoned his academic ambitions and returned home. Over time, he emerged as a respected village leader, founding primary institutions, presiding over Gram Salish (village courts), and leading community councils. His wisdom and ability to dispense justice earned him widespread admiration, further solidifying his family’s influence in the region.

 

During British rule in India, the Matriculation Examination was not mandatory, but it served as a crucial academic milestone for students aspiring to higher education or government service. Conducted by universities such as the University of Calcutta, it was a prerequisite for college admission.

 

However, education in British India was not universally accessible. Many students, particularly those from rural areas or economically disadvantaged backgrounds, did not pursue schooling beyond the secondary level. Instead, they often joined vocational trades or inherited family occupations. Only those seeking careers in government service, law, medicine, or academia typically sat for the Matriculation Examination, as it was essential for further education.

 

At a time when higher education opportunities were scarce in Sylhet, he stood among the most educated individuals in the area. Alongside his brothers, Mohammad Asim and Mohammad Batir—who provided financial support—he co-founded Shaharpara Government Primary School, leaving behind a lasting educational legacy. The last Chachari Ghor (Village Court House) of Shaharpara stood proudly in School Bari, a testament to his leadership and contributions to the community.

 

The youngest son of Mohammad Shah Jahir Master, Shah Atiqul Hoque Kamali, settled in Sylhet with his family. A distinguished bureaucrat, he served with distinction under the administration of East Pakistan and later in independent Bangladesh, playing a pivotal role in the nation’s governance. His career was marked by unwavering dedication, integrity, and a profound commitment to public service, leaving an enduring legacy in the administrative landscape of the country.

 

Later, in 1958 AD, Mohammad Akbar Ali, a devoted primary school teacher and the second eldest son of School Bari—as well as the eldest son of Mohammad Shah Asim—relocated with his family to West Tilak. There, he established Master Bari, also known as Akbar Kutir, which soon became a distinguished landmark of his legacy. The estate, spanning nearly four acres, stood as a testament to his unwavering commitment to education and community development, embodying both his personal achievements and the enduring heritage of his esteemed lineage.

Mohammad Akbar Ali Master (also spelt Akbor Ali), 1902–1985, was a distinguished primary school teacher who began his career at the age of sixteen. He taught at his family-funded primary school in Shaharpara Rasulpur Mouza, located on the grounds of School Bari.

 

He completed Class IX at Tripura Kailashahar High School and stayed in a lodging house during his studies. Each time he returned home for vacations, he endured a gruelling two-day journey on foot, only to make the same two-day trek back to school. Along the way, he relied on the kindness of strangers for shelter. If a homeowner permitted, he would spend the night in their house; otherwise, he had to take refuge wherever he could.

 

On one occasion, he was forced to spend the night in a storage barn where straw was kept for animal fodder. These barns, typically without doors, were often inhabited by wild animals such as foxes, stray dogs, snakes, and feral cats—posing a serious danger to a lone traveller. On one occasion, he came face to face with a Royal Bengal tiger. Frozen with fear yet holding his ground, he was incredibly fortunate—the tiger did not attack him. Yet, driven by his passion for education, he faced these hardships with unwavering determination.

 

Decades later, in 2023, one of his granddaughters, Sadia Kamaly, through his youngest son—me—graduated in law from Oxford University, the world’s top-ranked university—a testament to the enduring legacy of education he helped inspire.

 

In his youth, he once embarked on an adventurous journey with his younger cousin, Khalil Sarang, to visit Sylhet town. During their stay, they lodged at a modest hotel, where he slept on hay straw (sack straw) laid over bare soil. His bedding consisted of a pati—a traditional woven mat from Bangladesh—topped with a razai (duvet) and a tolpatni (a bedsheet made from torn cloth), both considered luxury items at the time. They called it a luxury, but in reality, it was a simple dormitory-style setup where most guests slept directly on the hay-covered floor.

 

On his daily commute to school, he frequently faced attacks from monkeys. Toward them off, he carried handfuls of sand, which he would throw to startle the animals. To avoid danger, he often waited for other travellers so they could cross the road in groups, as the area—then part of the Assam district—was notorious for its aggressive monkey population.


He was offered a job as an assistant manager in a tea garden by an English manager. He met the manager on his way home after completing Class IX at Tripura Kailashahar High School, and the manager was impressed by his command of English. However, his mother wanted him to work at the primary school in School Bari. 


After a remarkable 48-year career, Mohammad Akbar Ali Master retired at the age of sixty-five, leaving behind a legacy of dedication, perseverance, and service to education.


The Migration of Two Branches of Shah Shukur Uddin’s Family to Sarang Bari

 

In the late 19th century, two branches of Shah Shukur Uddin’s descendants moved to Sarang Bari, an estate created from the paddy fields of West Tilak, spanning more than seven acres.

 

One of the migrating families belonged to the descendants of Shah Moniur Uddin’s youngest son, Shah Mohammad Hasim. Among them, Mohammad Danis, known as Danish Sarang, played a significant role in this move. His maternal family hailed from Patli Qureshi Bari, a branch of the Mullah Gushti, and he was married to Momina Khanum, also known as Mohanrani, from the Shahjir Gushti.


It is fascinating that Maharani not only wielded firearms but also served as a judge in the village court (Shalish) in the absence of Danis Sarang. This speaks to her multifaceted role in society and the respect she commands within her community. The use of firearms by a woman, especially in historical contexts, is often seen as a sign of both strength and authority, suggesting she was highly involved in the defence and protection of her people.

 

Her role as a judge in the Shalish further highlights her leadership skills, as village courts were typically responsible for resolving local disputes and administering justice in the community. Being entrusted with such a position in the absence of a male counterpart like Danis Sarang indicates that she was not only respected but also trusted with significant responsibilities in maintaining law and order.

 

This kind of leadership, combining martial prowess and judicial authority, underscores her importance and influence in the society of her time. It paints a picture of a figure who transcended conventional gender roles, making lasting contributions to her community both through her actions and decisions.


Mohammad Shah Hasim had three sons: the eldest, Mohammad Shah Danis; the second, Mohammad Shah Hanif; and the youngest, Mohammad Shah Absor.

 

Mohammad Shah Danis had five sons: the eldest, Mohammad Shah Johir, also known as Johor Alam; the second, Mohammad Shah Soif; the third, Mohammad Shah Farid; the fourth, Mohammad Shah Jamshed; and the youngest, Mohammad Shah Absod.


Danis Sarang entered into a second marriage in Calcutta, where he lived with his children. By now, they would likely be the fourth generation residing in Calcutta. Unfortunately, I lack detailed information regarding his descendants in the city.

 

Mohammad Shah Hanif had two sons: the elder, Mohammad Shah Tibai, and the younger, Mohammad Shah Khoif.

 

Mohammad Shah Absor had only one son, Mohammad Shah Towrid. 


The second migrating family came from the Bagla Bari lineage and belonged to the descendants of Shah Amir Uddin, the eldest son of Shah Shukur Uddin, forming the first branch of Bagla Gushti. Two brothers, Keyasot Ullah Sarang and his younger brother Konu Miah Sarang, settled north of Sarang Bari, while to the south of Sarang Bari lived the descendants of Danis Sarang.

 

Konu Miah Sarang had a daughter who married her paternal cousin’s eldest son, Mohammad Asoddor, son of Keyasot Ullah Sarang. Together, they had two daughters. Later, Mohammad Asoddor entered into a second marriage, through which he had two more daughters and a son. Tragically, his only son drowned in the vast pond situated to the east of their home.

 

In time, his eldest daughter from his second marriage married a cousin from her elder uncle’s family and settled in the ancestral home. Together, they were blessed with both sons and daughters, continuing the lineage of the family.

 

Later, Mohammad Jamshed Sarang’s sons established homes in West Tilak. Among them, Abdul Shahid and Abdul Rahim built their houses along the main road of West Tilak, while Abdul Hannan’s house, though set slightly apart, remained connected to the main road via his private road. They were the grandsons of Danish Sarang.

 

Abdul Hannan relocated to West Tilak, near Tilak Bazar, just to the immediate south, settling there in the early 1970s. Following him, Abdul Shahid moved in the late 1990s, while Abdul Rahim established his residence in the early 21st century.

 

Additionally, Haruf Miah, from Sarong Bari, migrated south of Sarang Bari and created a new home on land reclaimed from the West Tilak paddy fields, known as Kunabon. This estate was located immediately west of Shah Kamal High School, along Dargah Road, which connects to the main road of Shaharpara.

First Branch of Bagla Gushti: The Descendants of Shah Amir Uddin

 

The legacy of Bagla Gushti remains deeply woven into the history of Shaharpara, reflecting the enduring connections between land, family, and tradition. The story begins at Baglar Bari, the original family residence situated west of Hazrat Shah Kamal Quhafah (RA)’s Dargah. Over time, the family branched out, spreading across different areas of Shaharpara and beyond.

 

To the immediate west of Baglar Bari, a new settlement emerged—Baglar Bari II, located in Mirpur Mauza. Initially, this land was entrusted to the Ryots (workers) of Baglar Gushti, but over time, it became home to a branch of the family. The descendants of Shah Shukur Uddin’s elder son, Shah Amir Uddin, moved into this residence, transforming it into a key site for the Baglar Gushti lineage.

 

As the family continued to expand, further migration followed. A significant portion of the family moved westward, beyond a playground, a primary school, and a canal, eventually establishing Baglar Bari III along the west bank of the canal. This marked the beginning of a new chapter for the Bagla Gushti lineage, solidifying their influence and territorial presence in the region.

 

Overseas Settlements of the Bagla Gushti: A Legacy in the UK, Europe, and America

 

The Bagla Gushti established deep connections overseas, with a significant presence in the United Kingdom, Europe, and America. Their migration, particularly to the UK, was largely facilitated by their historical ties to the maritime industry, with many members—especially the Sarangs of Bagla Gushti—finding opportunities aboard merchant and naval ships.

 

It was during the era of the East India Company that the first members of the Bagla Gushti arrived in Britain, their journey shaped by the trade routes and seafaring traditions of their ancestors. Over time, their descendants settled permanently, becoming an integral part of the British Bangladeshi community. The majority of them established their homes in London, particularly in the Borough of Tower Hamlets, a historic hub for early Sylheti settlers.

 

Many more Sarangs from the Bagla Gushti have settled in the UK, their names woven into the fabric of its diaspora. Though their identities may not always be widely recorded, their legacy endures, forming an unbroken link between their ancestral homeland and the lands they now call home.
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